urology Flashcards

1
Q

to where do the ovaries drain?

A

para aortic nodes

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2
Q

which 3 lymphatic stations does the cervix drain to?

A

external iliac nodes
pre sacral nodes
internal iliac nodes

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3
Q

to where does the uterine body drain?

A

Internal iliac nodes

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4
Q

to where does the uterine fundus drain?

A

para aortic nodes

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5
Q

Where does the female urethra drain?

A

internal iliac nodes

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6
Q

Where does the spongy urethra drain to in males?

A

Deep and superficial lymph nodes

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7
Q

Where does the prostatic and membranous urethra drain?

A

Obturator and internal iliac nodes

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8
Q

what is the internal spermatic fascia derived from?

A

Transversals fascia

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9
Q

what is the cremaster fascia derived from?

A

Fascial coverings internal oblique

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10
Q

what is the external fascia derived from?

A

External oblique

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11
Q

where is testosterone produced in men?

A

Leydig Cells

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12
Q

what is the action of LH in men?

A

Production of testosterone by Leydig cells

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13
Q

do you get hyponatraemia or hypertnatraemia in TURP syndrome?

A

Hyponatraemia

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14
Q

what is the composition of renal stones associated with proteus infection?

A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate

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15
Q

with what conditions are xanthine stones associated?

A

inborn errors of metabolism

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16
Q

which structure is affected in peyroinies disease?

A

tunica albuginea

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17
Q

what investigation is used in suspected urethral injury?

A

Retrograde urethrography

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18
Q

which part of the bladder originates from the mesoderm?

A

Trigone of bladder

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19
Q

what is the effect of parasympathetic innervation to the bladder?

A

Detrusor muscle contraction

Internal urethral sphincter relaxation

20
Q

what histological feature is classically present in seminomas?

A

Lymphocytic Infiltrate

21
Q

where are the bartholin glands/greater vestibular glands found in women?

A

Superficial perineal pouch

22
Q

where are the bulbourethral glands found in men?

A

Deep perineal pouch

23
Q

at what level does the nerve innervation of the testis derive?

24
Q

which of high or low flow priapism requires emergency intervention ?

25
aspiration of the corpora cavernosa in low flow priapism shows what colour blood?
Dark red - hypoxic
26
what shape is the perineum?
Diamond shaped
27
how many muscles are present in the superficial perineal pouch?
3
28
Which muscles are present in the superficial perineal pouch?
Ischiocavernosus Bulbus spongiosus Superficial transverse perineal muscle
29
how many erectile bodies are found in the superficial perineal pouch?
2
30
what are the names of the erectile bodies found in the superficial perineal pouch?
Corpora cavernosa x 2 | Corpus spongiosus
31
is the external urethral sphincter found in the deep or superficial perineal pouch?
Deep
32
are the deep transverse perineal muscles found in the deep or superficial perineal pouch?
Deep
33
what is the cutaneous supply to the anterior scrotum?
Anterior scrotal nerves from genitofemoral + ilioinguinal nerves
34
what is the cutaneous supply to the posterior scrotum?
Perineal branches of pudendal nerve and posterior femoral nerve
35
what is the motor supply to the cremaster muscle?
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
36
with which layer of abdominal fascia is the colles fascia continuous with?
Scarpas fascia
37
should hydroceles be managed with an inguinal or scrotal approach ?
scrotal
38
from what embryological structure do the bulbourethral glands develop?
urogenital sinus
39
continuous dribbling urinary incontinence is a sign of what in women?
Vesicovaginal fistula
40
is the base of the prostate superior or inferior?
superior
41
is the apex of the prostate superior or inferior?
inferior
42
do the seminal vesicles lie superior or inferior to the prostate?
superior
43
does parasympathetic control to bladder cause the internal urethral sphincter to relax or contract?
relax
44
where is the micturition centre located in the brain?
pons
45
are most bladder ruptures intra or exztraperitoneal?
extraperitoneal