urology Flashcards
to where do the ovaries drain?
para aortic nodes
which 3 lymphatic stations does the cervix drain to?
external iliac nodes
pre sacral nodes
internal iliac nodes
to where does the uterine body drain?
Internal iliac nodes
to where does the uterine fundus drain?
para aortic nodes
Where does the female urethra drain?
internal iliac nodes
Where does the spongy urethra drain to in males?
Deep and superficial lymph nodes
Where does the prostatic and membranous urethra drain?
Obturator and internal iliac nodes
what is the internal spermatic fascia derived from?
Transversals fascia
what is the cremaster fascia derived from?
Fascial coverings internal oblique
what is the external fascia derived from?
External oblique
where is testosterone produced in men?
Leydig Cells
what is the action of LH in men?
Production of testosterone by Leydig cells
do you get hyponatraemia or hypertnatraemia in TURP syndrome?
Hyponatraemia
what is the composition of renal stones associated with proteus infection?
Magnesium ammonium phosphate
with what conditions are xanthine stones associated?
inborn errors of metabolism
which structure is affected in peyroinies disease?
tunica albuginea
what investigation is used in suspected urethral injury?
Retrograde urethrography
which part of the bladder originates from the mesoderm?
Trigone of bladder
what is the effect of parasympathetic innervation to the bladder?
Detrusor muscle contraction
Internal urethral sphincter relaxation
what histological feature is classically present in seminomas?
Lymphocytic Infiltrate
where are the bartholin glands/greater vestibular glands found in women?
Superficial perineal pouch
where are the bulbourethral glands found in men?
Deep perineal pouch
at what level does the nerve innervation of the testis derive?
T10
which of high or low flow priapism requires emergency intervention ?
Low Flow
aspiration of the corpora cavernosa in low flow priapism shows what colour blood?
Dark red - hypoxic
what shape is the perineum?
Diamond shaped
how many muscles are present in the superficial perineal pouch?
3
Which muscles are present in the superficial perineal pouch?
Ischiocavernosus
Bulbus spongiosus
Superficial transverse perineal muscle
how many erectile bodies are found in the superficial perineal pouch?
2
what are the names of the erectile bodies found in the superficial perineal pouch?
Corpora cavernosa x 2
Corpus spongiosus
is the external urethral sphincter found in the deep or superficial perineal pouch?
Deep
are the deep transverse perineal muscles found in the deep or superficial perineal pouch?
Deep
what is the cutaneous supply to the anterior scrotum?
Anterior scrotal nerves from genitofemoral + ilioinguinal nerves
what is the cutaneous supply to the posterior scrotum?
Perineal branches of pudendal nerve and posterior femoral nerve
what is the motor supply to the cremaster muscle?
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
with which layer of abdominal fascia is the colles fascia continuous with?
Scarpas fascia
should hydroceles be managed with an inguinal or scrotal approach ?
scrotal
from what embryological structure do the bulbourethral glands develop?
urogenital sinus
continuous dribbling urinary incontinence is a sign of what in women?
Vesicovaginal fistula
is the base of the prostate superior or inferior?
superior
is the apex of the prostate superior or inferior?
inferior
do the seminal vesicles lie superior or inferior to the prostate?
superior
does parasympathetic control to bladder cause the internal urethral sphincter to relax or contract?
relax
where is the micturition centre located in the brain?
pons
are most bladder ruptures intra or exztraperitoneal?
extraperitoneal
