Renal Flashcards
where do loop diuretics act?
Ascending Limb loop of hence
where do potassium spring diuretics act?
Cortical Collecting Ducts
where do thiazide diuretics act?
Distal Convoluted Tubule
where does reabsorption occur in the kidney?
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
what substances are commonly reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule?
Glucose, amino acids, phosphate, K+, H20
99%
how much of the resting cardiac output do the kidneys receive?
25%
what substance gives the most accurate measurement of GFR?
Inulin
what substances gives the most accurate measurement of renal perfusion?
Paraaminohipuric acid
Where does filtration primarily occur?
Glomerulus
where is renin produced?
Juxtaglomerular cells
where does the majority of sodium reabsorption occur?
proximal convoluted tubule
what is the major site of glucose reabsorption
proximal convoluted tubule
where is sodium reabsorbed in the kidney?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Ascending loop of henle
does atrial natriuretic peptide promote renal vasodilation or renal vasoconstriction?
renal vasodilation
the distal convoluted tubule acts to reabsorb sodium under the action of which hormone?
aldosterone
in a nephrectomy which is ligated first - the renal artery or renal vein?
Renal artery ligated first, Renal vein ligated second, avoid congestion of the kidney
which incision is used to the lower pole of the kidney?
Flank incision
Which incision is used for lesions of the upper pole of the kidney?
Thoracolumbar approach
which part of the duodenum is an anterior relation to the right kidney?
2nd part
on which two muscles does the kidney lie?
Psoas Major
Quadratus Lumborum
into how many arteries does the renal artery divide at the renal hilum?
5
which part of the small intestine is anteriorly related to the left kidney?
Jejunum
the right renal artery passes anterior or posterior to the inferior vena cava?
Posteriorly
renal cancer presents with which type of metastases?
Hypervascular
where is angiotensin converting enzyme produces?
Lung
Kidney
which of angiotensin I or angiotensin II controls renal blood flow?
Angiotensin II
how are T1 renal cancers managed?
Partial nephrectomy
Should renal biopsy be performed prior to nephrectomy in suspected renal cancer?
No
in a patient with completely resected disease for renal cancer should adjuvant chemotherapy be given?
No
for which type of renal cancer is nephrourectomy mandatory?
Transitional cell ca of kidney
aldosterone exhibits what effect on the kidney?
Na + H20 conservation and K loss in the distal tubule
where is the predominant site of potassium reabsorption in the kidney?
Proximal convoluted tubule
what is the predominant site of potassium loss in the kidney?
Collecting duct
sodium absorption at the expense of potassium loss
which channel is inhibited by loop diuretics?
Na+/K+ 2Cl - carrier
Ascending limb loop of henle
which channel is inhibited by thiazide directs?
Na+Cl- carrier
DCT
which channel is inhibited by spironolactone?
Na+/K+ ATP ase pump
cortical collecting tubule
what is the role of atrial natriuetic peptide?
Reduce plasma volume
is the right renal artery anterior or posterior to the IVC?
posterior
does plasma acidosis stimulate or inhibit aldosterone release?
Stimulate
does hyperkalaemia stimulate or inhibit aldosterone release?
Stimulate
Does hypotension stimulate or inhibit aldosterone release?
Stimulate
where are the macula densa cells located?
Distal convoluted tubule
what effect do ACE inhibitors have on the arterioles in the kidney?
Efferent arteriolar dilatation
