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Urology > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

where do loop diuretics act?

A

Ascending Limb loop of hence

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2
Q

where do potassium spring diuretics act?

A

Cortical Collecting Ducts

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3
Q

where do thiazide diuretics act?

A

Distal Convoluted Tubule

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4
Q

where does reabsorption occur in the kidney?

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

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5
Q

what substances are commonly reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Glucose, amino acids, phosphate, K+, H20

99%

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6
Q

how much of the resting cardiac output do the kidneys receive?

A

25%

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7
Q

what substance gives the most accurate measurement of GFR?

A

Inulin

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8
Q

what substances gives the most accurate measurement of renal perfusion?

A

Paraaminohipuric acid

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9
Q

Where does filtration primarily occur?

A

Glomerulus

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10
Q

where is renin produced?

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

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11
Q

where does the majority of sodium reabsorption occur?

A

proximal convoluted tubule

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12
Q

what is the major site of glucose reabsorption

A

proximal convoluted tubule

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13
Q

where is sodium reabsorbed in the kidney?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Ascending loop of henle

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14
Q

does atrial natriuretic peptide promote renal vasodilation or renal vasoconstriction?

A

renal vasodilation

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15
Q

the distal convoluted tubule acts to reabsorb sodium under the action of which hormone?

A

aldosterone

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16
Q

in a nephrectomy which is ligated first - the renal artery or renal vein?

A

Renal artery ligated first, Renal vein ligated second, avoid congestion of the kidney

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17
Q

which incision is used to the lower pole of the kidney?

A

Flank incision

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18
Q

Which incision is used for lesions of the upper pole of the kidney?

A

Thoracolumbar approach

19
Q

which part of the duodenum is an anterior relation to the right kidney?

A

2nd part

20
Q

on which two muscles does the kidney lie?

A

Psoas Major

Quadratus Lumborum

21
Q

into how many arteries does the renal artery divide at the renal hilum?

A

5

22
Q

which part of the small intestine is anteriorly related to the left kidney?

A

Jejunum

23
Q

the right renal artery passes anterior or posterior to the inferior vena cava?

A

Posteriorly

24
Q

renal cancer presents with which type of metastases?

A

Hypervascular

25
Q

where is angiotensin converting enzyme produces?

A

Lung

Kidney

26
Q

which of angiotensin I or angiotensin II controls renal blood flow?

A

Angiotensin II

27
Q

how are T1 renal cancers managed?

A

Partial nephrectomy

28
Q

Should renal biopsy be performed prior to nephrectomy in suspected renal cancer?

A

No

29
Q

in a patient with completely resected disease for renal cancer should adjuvant chemotherapy be given?

A

No

30
Q

for which type of renal cancer is nephrourectomy mandatory?

A

Transitional cell ca of kidney

31
Q

aldosterone exhibits what effect on the kidney?

A

Na + H20 conservation and K loss in the distal tubule

32
Q

where is the predominant site of potassium reabsorption in the kidney?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

33
Q

what is the predominant site of potassium loss in the kidney?

A

Collecting duct

sodium absorption at the expense of potassium loss

34
Q

which channel is inhibited by loop diuretics?

A

Na+/K+ 2Cl - carrier

Ascending limb loop of henle

35
Q

which channel is inhibited by thiazide directs?

A

Na+Cl- carrier

DCT

36
Q

which channel is inhibited by spironolactone?

A

Na+/K+ ATP ase pump

cortical collecting tubule

37
Q

what is the role of atrial natriuetic peptide?

A

Reduce plasma volume

38
Q

is the right renal artery anterior or posterior to the IVC?

A

posterior

39
Q

does plasma acidosis stimulate or inhibit aldosterone release?

A

Stimulate

40
Q

does hyperkalaemia stimulate or inhibit aldosterone release?

A

Stimulate

41
Q

Does hypotension stimulate or inhibit aldosterone release?

A

Stimulate

42
Q

where are the macula densa cells located?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

43
Q

what effect do ACE inhibitors have on the arterioles in the kidney?

A

Efferent arteriolar dilatation

Urology (3 decks)

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