Urology Flashcards
causes of haemospermia
usually benign
symptoms of gonococcal urethritis
thick, purulent, profuse urethral discharge
how many ml urine in bladder before it can be palpated
150
where does the urethra sit within the penis
dorsum
penis carcinoma occurs in circumcised or uncirc?
uncircumcised
where do epidiymal cysts occur
head of epidiymis
epididymal cycsts associated with
CF and PKD
how to measure prostate size
transrectal USS
what is phimosis
non-retractable foreskin
causes of phimosis
usually congenital
post infection
circumcision scarring
symptoms of phimosis
painful erection, dyspareunia
phimosis occurs in 10% of males up to
age 3
treatment of phimosis
steroid cream, stetching exercises.
surgery if this doesn’t work
what is balinitis xerotica obliterans
male varient of lichen sclerosis
common
age 30-60
symptoms of BXO
ithcy, burning, sore skin after sex, tigter foreskin
penis looks red with little cracks and bleeding
treatment of BXO
steroid
if foreskin too tight/creams don’t work - surgery
what is paraphimosis
foreskin retracted and left behidn the glans leading to vascular engorgement and oedema of the distal glans
paraphimosis treatment
surgical emergency, need decompression otherwise causes penile necrosis
cause of paraphiomosis
iatrogenic = most common
complications of TURP
haematuria infection sexual dysfunction incontinence retrograde ejaculation hyponatraemia
symptoms of TURP syndrome
restless, headache, SOB, n+v, visual disturbance, confusion, hyperglycaemia, metabolic acidosis
causes of uretehral stricture
trauma STI UTI surgery malignancy BXO
symptoms of urethral stricture
weak stream strianing spraying incomplete emptying dribbling UTI inability to void
types of neurogenic bladder
spastic - UMN. detrusory/spincter contraction doens’t work together
flaccid - detrusor areflexia
