Urology

Question 1

Hx OF PC

What symptoms should you ask about in Hx of PC?

Answer 1

LUTS
- Filling (urgency, frequency, nocturia).
- Voiding (dysuria, hesitancy, poor flow, incomplete, dribbling, oliguria).
- Incontinence (stress, overflow, continuous).
- Haematuria.
Pain.
Systemic.

Question 2

Hx OF PC

What would you ask about in haematuria?

Answer 2

• Duration.
• Timing within the stream.
• Clots?
• Pain (painful suggests renal calculus/infection, painless suggests kidney/bladder carcinoma or prostatic origin).
• Fever/rigors.
• Trauma.

Question 3

Hx OF PC

What would you ask about in pain?

Answer 3

• Loin pain + LUTS + fever = pyelonephritis.
• Intermittent pain = PKD w/ bleeding into/rupture of cyst.
• Pain of ureteric calculus = loin to groin + N±V.

Question 4

Hx OF PC

What systemic questions would you ask?

Answer 4

• Fever?
• Weight loss?
• Night sweats?
• N+V?
• Confusion?
• Bruising issues, fatigue?

Question 5

PMH

What would you ask about in PMH?

Answer 5

• Any recurrent UTIs, renal calculi in past?
• Sexual/obstetric Hx if appropriate.
• Diabetic?

Question 6

DH

What would you ask about in DH?

Answer 6

• Rifampicin can change the colour of urine.

- Allergies (iodine may be used for contrast).

Question 7

SH

What would you ask about in SH?

Answer 7

• Smoking, alcohol, travel.
• Occupation (rubber/dye industries can lead to renal/bladder cancers).
• Diet as beetroot can colour urine red.