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Paediatrics > Urology > Flashcards

Urology Flashcards

1
Q

What is an inguinal hernia

A

Herniation of contents through inguinal canal

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2
Q

RF for inguinal hernia

A

Male

Prematurity

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3
Q

Are most inguinal hernias direct or indirect

A

Indirect

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4
Q

Main risk associated with inguinal hernias

A

Incarceration

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5
Q

What is incarceration

A

Can obstruct the bowel and/or testis
Cutting off blood supply
(Strangulation)

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6
Q

Clinical features inguinal hernia

A

GROIN swelling
Visible most:
Straining
Crying

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7
Q

Is for inguinal hernia

A

O/E

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8
Q

<1yrs inguinal hernia R

A

Urgent referral for repair

No place for observation

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9
Q

> 1yrs inguinal hernia Rx

A

Elective referral

Repair

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10
Q

Incarcerated inguinal hernia Rx

A

Reduce and repair on same admission

Emergency

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11
Q

What is a hydrocele

A

When fluid accumulates around the testis

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12
Q

Who is a hydrocele very common in

A

New borns

Esp prematurity

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13
Q

Are hydroceles in babies typically communicating or non-communicating

A

Communicating

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14
Q

What is a communicating hydrocele

A

When fluid from the abdomen communicated with the scrotal sac

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15
Q

Clinical features of hydrocele

A

Scrotal swelling
Painless
Bluish colour

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16
Q

Ix for hydrocele

A

O/E
Torch
USS

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17
Q

Rx for hydrocele

A

Conservative until 5yrs

Harmless: 96% will disappear spontaneously

18
Q

Is hydrocele persists or is complicated what is the Rx

A

Surgery

19
Q

Indications for orchidoplexy

A 
Fertility 
Malignancy 
Trauma 
Torsion 
Cosmetic
20
Q

Describe fertility and cryptorchidism

A

Loss 1% germ cells/month if undescent

21
Q

Describe Malignancy and cryptorchidism

A

Rate of testicular cancer 3x more common

22
Q

Describe trauma and cryptorchidism

A

Much safer being in the scrotum than being in the groin

23
Q

Describe torsion and cryptorchidism

A

More susceptible to testicular torsion

24
Q

What is cryptorchidism

A

Failure of descent of testis into the scrotum

25
Q

What is a true cryptorchidism

A

Stopped short on normal path

True undescent

26
Q

What is retractile cryptorchidism

A

Normal testis that have been pulled into a suprascrotal position by cremasteric reflex

27
Q

What is ectopic cryptorchidism

A

In the wrong place

Diverted to an aberrant position

28
Q

Ix for cryptorchidism

A

USS

O/E

29
Q

Rx for cryptorchidism

A

Orchidoplexy surgery

30
Q

What is circumcision

A

Removal foreskin

31
Q

1 absolute indication for circumcision

A

Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans (BXO)

32
Q

Relative indications for circumcision

A

Balanoprosthitis
Religious
UTI

33
Q

What a testicular torsion

A

Urological emergency

Twisting of the testicle on the spermatic cord

34
Q

Why is testicular torsion a urological emergency

A

Twisting of the testicle on the spermatic cord leading to constriction of the vascular supply and time-sensitive ischaemia and/or necrosis of testicular tissue

35
Q

Clinical features of testicular torsion

A 
Acute pain scrotum 
Acute pain testicles 
Swelling 
Nausea/Vomiting 
Abdominal pain
36
Q

Ix for testicular torsion

A

Doppler USS

37
Q

Rx for testicular torsion

A

Initial stabilisation
Urological consultation
Semi-elective scrotal exploration

Supportive care

38
Q

What is a hydrospadias

A

Urethral meatus in the wrong place

39
Q

Classification types of hydrospadias

A

Subcoronal
Midshaft
Penoscrotal

40
Q

What 3 separate problems are encountered with hydrospadias

A

Urethral meatus incorrect place
Foreskin gathered at back of penis
Penis may be bent when erect

41
Q

What do you NOT do in hydrospadias

A

DO NO circumcise

42
Q

Rx for hydrospadias

A

Do not circumcise

Surgical (1 o 2 stages)

Paediatrics (13 decks)

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