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Paediatrics > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common LRTI in children

A

Acute bronchiolitis

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2
Q

What is the main organism cause of bronchiolitis

A

RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)

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3
Q

Clinical features of bronchiolitis

A 
Coryza
Cough 
Wheeze
Tachypnoea 
Apnoea 
Subcostal recession 
Fever
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4
Q

Ix for bronchiolitis

A

Mainly clinical Dx

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5
Q

Rx for bronchiolitis

A

Nothing maximal observation minimal intervention

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6
Q

What is the most common organism of pneumonia

A

Viral

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7
Q

Bacterial causes of pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma
Haemophilus
Pneumococcas

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8
Q

Presentation of pneumonia

A 
Malaise
Poor feeding 
Cyanosis 
Resp. distress
Tachypnoea 
Grunting 
Costal recession 
Cough
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9
Q

Ix for pneumonia

A

Try to avoid CXR

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10
Q

1st line Rx pneumonia

A

Amoxicillin

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11
Q

2nd line Rx pneumonia

A

Macrolide Abx

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12
Q

What does pertussis cause?

A

Whooping cough

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13
Q

Organism pertussis

A

Bordetella Pertussis

Bacterial cause

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14
Q

Who is pertussis dangerous in

A

Babies

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15
Q

Describe coughing in pertussis

A

Coughing fits
After coughing take a big deep breath in
Producing whooping sound

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16
Q

Ix for pertussis

A

Nasal swab

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17
Q

What is the prevention for pertussis

A

Vaccination

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18
Q

Rx for pertussis

A

Macrolide e.g clarithromycin

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19
Q

Clinical features of pertussis

A

Whooping cough
Rhinorrhoea (nasal congestion)
Colour change
Vomiting

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20
Q

When should you admit someone with pertussis

A

Someone <6 months

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21
Q

Is pertussis contagious

A

Yes very

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22
Q

How is pertussis spread

A

Air borne

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23
Q

What is another name for laryngotracheobronchitis

A

Croup

24
Q

What symptom does croup cause

A

Stridor

25
Q

What is the most common cause of stridor

A

Croup

26
Q

Organism in croup

A

Commonly parainfluenza virus

27
Q

Clinical features of croup

A

Stridor
Barking cough
Hoarse voice

28
Q

At what time of year is croup more common

A

Autumn

29
Q

How is croup classified

A

Mild
Moderate
Severe

30
Q

Rx for croup

A

Dexamethasone (oral steroids)

31
Q

What is otitis media

A

Middle ear infection

32
Q

Symptoms of otitis media

A

Pain

Erythema in the ear

33
Q

Ix for otitis media

A

Clinical Dx

Otoscope

34
Q

Rx for otitis media

A

ANALGESIA

Rarely abx indicated

35
Q

Organism causing epiglottitis

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B

36
Q

Is epiglottitis common or rare

A

Rare now

37
Q

Features of epiglottitis

A

Stridor
Drooling
Struggling to breathe

38
Q

Rx for epiglottitis

A

ABCDE
Intubation
IV abx

39
Q

Organism cause of tonsillitis

A

Can be viral or bacterial

Viral:
Adenovirus
Enterovirus
Rhinovirus

Bacterial:
Group A strep

40
Q

Symptoms of tonsillitis

A

Pain swallowing

Sore throat

41
Q

Rx for tonsillitis

A

Most cases do nothing
Self limiting
Give analgesia

Occasionally penicillin 10 days

42
Q

Organism causing bacterial tracheitis

A

Staph aureus

43
Q

Why is bacterial tracheitis an emergency

A

risk of occluding airway

44
Q

When you should you have a high clinical suspicious on bacterial tracheitis

A

Croup that does not respond to steroids

45
Q

Rx for bacterial tracheitis

A

Airway management

IV abx

46
Q

In which URTI is drooling common

A

Epiglottitis

47
Q

what is the commonest chronic respiratory disorder in children

A

Asthma

48
Q

1st line Rx asthma

A

SABA
Salbutamol
or (SABA + ICS)

49
Q

2nd line Rx asthma

A

ICS

Beclomethasone

50
Q

3rd line Rx asthma

A

LAVA

51
Q

What is a good investigation for childhood asthma

A

Small dose of ICS
See if there is improvement

Then remove again to see if symptoms come back to check for definite Dx

52
Q

What tool can be used in children with inhalers

A

Space

53
Q

What should you never use LABA without

A

ICS already prescribed

54
Q

Triad atopy

A

Hayfever
Asthma
Eczema

55
Q

Triggers of asthma

A 
Cold air 
Exercise
Pets
Dust 
URTI
56
Q

If there is no wheeze…

A

no asthma

Paediatrics (13 decks)

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