Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ABSITE Review > Urology > Flashcards

Urology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the fascia that surrounds the kidney?

A

Gerota’s fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the relationship of the renal vessels from anterior to posterior?

A

From anterior to posterior, renal vein, renal artery, and renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the relationship of the right renal artery to the IVC?

A

The right renal artery crosses posterior to IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the relationship of the left renal vein to the aorta?

A

The left renal vein is anterior to the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the relationship of the ureters to the iliac vessels?

A

The ureters cross over the iliac vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which renal vein can be ligated and why?

A

The left renal vein because it has increased collaterals (left adrenal vein, left gonadal vein, and left ascending lumbar vein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the spermatic cord structures?

A

Testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, vas deferens , cremasteric muscle, genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most common cause of acute renal insufficiency following surgery?

A

Hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the symptoms of kidney stones?

A

Severe colicky pain, restlessness, hematuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What scan should you get if you suspect kidney stones?

A

CT scan—can demonstrate stones and associated hydronephrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the most common kidney stones?

A

Calcium oxalate stones (75%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What patients are prone to calcium oxalate kidney stones?

A

Patients with terminal ileum resection due to increase oxalate absorption in the colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are struvite stones and what causes them?

A

Made of magnesium ammonium phosphate. Occurs with infections that are urease producing (Proteus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of kidney stones are radiopaque?

A

Calcium oxalate and struvite stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What patients are at risk for Uric acid stones?

A

Patients with ileostomies, gout, and myeloproliferative disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of kidney stones are radiolucent?

A

Uric acid stones and cysteine stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What patients are at risk for cysteine stones?

A

Associated with congenital disorders in the reabsorption of cysteine (cystinuria)

18
Q

How can you prevent cysteine stones?

A

Give tiopronin

19
Q

What are the surgical indications for kidney stones?

A

Intractable pain or infection
Progressive obstruction
Progressive renal damage
Solitary kidney

20
Q

What percentage of kidney stones are opaque?

A

90%

21
Q

At what kidney stone size is it unlikely to pass?

A

> 6 mm

22
Q

What are the treatment options for kidney stones?

A

Extra-corporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy with stone extraction or placement of stent past obstruction, percutaneous nephrostomy tube, open nephrolithotomy

23
Q

What is the number 1 cancer killer in men 25-35?

A

Testicular cancer

24
Q

What symptoms are present in testicular cancer?

A

Painless hard mass

25
Q

Are most testicular masses are malignant or benign?

A

Malignant

26
Q

What lab marker correlates with tumor bulk?

A

LDH

27
Q

90% of all testicular cancers are of what type?

A

Seminoma or nonseminoma

28
Q

What increases the risk of testicular cancer?

A

Cryptorchidism (undescended testes)

29
Q

What is the number one testicular tumor?

A

Seminoma

30
Q

What other lab values should you check in patients with suspected or confirmed testicular cancer?

A

B-hCG and AFP

31
Q

What lab values are increased in seminomatous tumors?

A

B-hCG

NOT AFP. If AFP is elevated, must treat like non-seminomatous

32
Q

What is the treatment for seminomatous testicular cancer?

A

Orchiectomy and retroperitoneal radiation

Complete surgical resection of residual disease after radiation and chemo

33
Q

When is chemo used in testicular cancer?

A

For metastatic disease and bulky retroperitoneal disease

34
Q

What types of non-seminomatous testicular CA are there?

A

Embryonal, teratoma, choriocarcinoma, yolk sac

35
Q

What lab results are often increased in non-seminomatous testicular cancer?

A

Alpha fetoprotein and beta-hCG

36
Q

What kind of tumors are more likely to metastasize to the retroperitoneum?

A

Tumors with increased teratoma components

37
Q

What is the treatment for nonseminomatous testicular cancer?

A

All stages get orchiectomy and retroperitoneal node dissection. If stage II or greater, give chemo. Surgical resection fo residual disease after above.

38
Q

What is the most common site of prostate cancer?

A

Posterior lobe

39
Q

What is the most common site of metastasis in prostate cancer?

A

Bone

40
Q

What kind of bone metastasis is often seen in prostate cancer? What is often seen on imaging?

A

Osteoblasts. Seen as hyper dense areas on x-rays

41
Q

What are some complications of surgery for prostate cancer?

A

Patients can become impotent, incontinent, and can develop urethral strictures

42
Q

How is the diagnosis of prostate cancer made?

A

By trasrectal biopsy, chest/abdomen, pelvis CT, PSA, alkaline phosphatase, and possible bone scan

ABSITE Review (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions