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ABSITE Review > Blood Products > Flashcards

Blood Products Flashcards

1
Q

All blood products carry the risk of HIV and hepatitis except which 2? Why?

A

Albumin and serum globulins do not carry this risk because they are heat treated

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2
Q

All donated blood is screened for what diseases?

A

HIV, HepB, HepC, HTLV, syphilis, and West Nile Virus

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3
Q

In what patients is CMV-negative blood used?

A

Low-birth weight infants, bone marrow transplant patients, and other transplant patients

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4
Q

What type of blood is the universal donor and why?

A

Type O blood because it contains no antigens

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5
Q

Who should receive Rh-negative blood?

A

Females of child bearing age

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6
Q

What causes stored blood to have an increased affinity for oxygen?

A

Stored blood is low in 2,3-DPG which causes a left shift and increased affinity for O2

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7
Q

What is the purpose of type and cross match?

A

To determine ABO compatibility

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8
Q

What is the purpose of a type and screen?

A

Determines ABO compatibility and looks for preformed AB’s to minor antigens

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9
Q

How much should one unit of pRBCs raise the Hgb? Hct?

A

Hgb should raise by 1 and Hct should raise between 3-5

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10
Q

How much should one 6-pack of platelets raise the platelet count by?

A

50,000

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11
Q

What causes acute hemolysis reaction?

A

ABO incompatibility

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12
Q

What mediates acute hemolysis reaction?

A

Antibody mediated. Type II hypersensitivity

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13
Q

What are signs of acute hemolysis reaction?

A

Back pain, chills, tachycardia, fever, hemoglobinuria

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14
Q

What are some complications of acute hemolysis reaction?

A

ATN, DIC, shock

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15
Q

What lab values are abnormal in acute hemolysis reaction?

A

Haptoglobin <50
Free Hgb >5
Increase in unconjugated bilirubin

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16
Q

What is the treatment for acute hemolysis reaction?

A

Fluids, diuretics, HCO3-, pressors

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17
Q

How may transfusion reactions present in anesthetize patients?

A

Diffuse bleeding

18
Q

What causes delayed hemolysis reaction?

A

Antibody-mediated against minor antigens from donor

19
Q

What sign is present in delayed hemolysis reaction?

A

Mild jaundice

20
Q

What is the treatment for delayed hemolysis reaction?

A

Observe if stable

21
Q

What causes non-immune hemolysis?

A

Squeezed blood

22
Q

What is the treatment for non-immune hemolysis?

A

Fluids and diuretics

23
Q

What is the most common transfusion reaction?

A

Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction

24
Q

What is the usual cause of febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction?

A

Recipient antibody reaction against donor WBCs (cytokines release)

25
Q

What is the treatment for febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction?

A

Discontinue transfusion if patient had previous transfusions or if it occurs soon after transfusion has begun

26
Q

If patient has history of febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction, what should be done if they need a transfusion in the future?

A

Use WBC filters for subsequent transfusions

27
Q

What causes urticaria after transfusion?

A

Recipient antibodies against donor plasmas proteins or IgA in IgA-deficient patient
Usually not hemolytic

28
Q

What is the treatment for urticaria after transfusion?

A

Histamine blockers (Benadryl), supportive

29
Q

What are the signs of anaphylaxis?

A

Hypotension, broncospasm, angioedema, urticaria

30
Q

What usually causes anaphylaxis after transfusion?

A

Recipient antibodies against donor IgA in IgA-deficient patient

31
Q

What is the treatment of anaphylaxis after transfusion?

A

Epinephrine, fluids, pressors, steroids, histamine blockers (Benadryl)

32
Q

What causes transfusion-related acute lung injury after transfusion?

A

Caused by donor antibodies to recipient’s WBCs, which causes clot in pulmonary capillaries
RARE

33
Q

What is the complication of transfusion-related acute lung injury?

A

Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in <6 hours (ARDS)

34
Q

What is the most common cause of death from transfusion reaction?

A

Transfusion-related acute lung injury

35
Q

What can occur with massive transfusion?

A

Dilutional thrombocytopenia and dilution of coagulation factors

36
Q

What electrolyte imbalance can occur with transfusions? What can it lead to?

A

Hypocalcemia

Can cause poor clotting because Ca is needed for the clotting cascade

37
Q

What vital sign may be altered in a patient with hypocalcemia?

A

Hypotension

38
Q

Why is infusing cold products or transfusing in a cold patient bad?

A

It can cause poor clotting due to slowing of enzyme reactions
Must warm patient to restore clotting

39
Q

What often causes hypocalcemia after transfusion?

A

Citrate used in stored blood binds Ca

40
Q

What is the most common bacterial contaminant in stored blood products?

A

Gram negative rods (E coli)

41
Q

What is the most common blood product source of contamination and why?

A

Platelets- because they are not refrigerated

42
Q

What exotic disease can be transmitted through transfusions?

A

Chagas’ disease

ABSITE Review (7 decks)

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