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ABSITE Review > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What does it mean when an antibiotic is antiseptic?

A

Kills and inhibits organisms on the body

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2
Q

What is a disinfectant?

A

Kills and inhibits organisms on inanimate objects

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3
Q

What is the definition of sterilization?

A

All organisms are killed

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4
Q

What are the 2 MC antiseptics used in surgery?

A

Iodophors (Betadine) and chlorhexadine gluconate

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5
Q

Betadine is good for what organism coverage?

A

GPCs and GNRs; poor for fungi

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6
Q

Chlorhexadine is good for what organism coverage?

A

GPCs, GNRs, and fungi

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7
Q

What classes of antibiotics are inhibitors of cell wall synthesis?

A

Penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams, vancomycin

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8
Q

What classes of antibiotics are inhibitors of 30s ribosome and protein synthesis?

A

Tetracycline, aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin), and linezolid

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9
Q

What classes of antibiotics are inhibitors of the 50s ribosome and protein synthesis?

A

Erythromycin, clindamycin, Synercid

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10
Q

What is the MOA of quinolones?

A

Inhibitor of DNA helicase (DNA gyrase)

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11
Q

What is the MOA of rifampin?

A

Inhibitor of RNA polymerase

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12
Q

What is the MOA of Flagyl (metronidazole)?

A

Produces oxygen radicals that break up DNA

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13
Q

What is the MOA of sulfonamides?

A

PABA analogue which inhibits purine synthesis

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14
Q

What is the MOA of trimethoprim?

A

Inhibits dehydrogenase reductase, which inhibits purine synthesis

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15
Q

What class of antibiotics are bactericidal? Why?

A

Aminoglycosides. Bind irreversibly to ribosome

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16
Q

What classes of antibiotics are bacteriostatic? Why?

A

Tetracyclines, clindamycin, erythromycin — all bind reversibly to ribosome

17
Q

What is the mechanism for resistance to penicillins?

A

Due to plasmids for beta-lactamase (staph aureus)

18
Q

What is the MC method of antibiotic resistance?

A

Transfer of plasmids

19
Q

What is the mechanism of resistance of MRSA?

A

Mutation in cell wall binding protein

20
Q

What is the mechanism of resistance in vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE)?

A

Mutation in cell wall binding protein

21
Q

What causes gentamicin resistance?

A

Due to modifying enzymes leading to a decrease in active transport of gentamicin into bacteria

22
Q

What is the appropriate peak levels of vancomycin?

A

20-40 ug/ml

23
Q

What is the appropriate trough level for vancomycin?

A

5-10 ug/ml

24
Q

What is the appropriate peak drug level of gentamicin?

A

6-10 ug/ml

25
Q

What is the appropriate trough for gentamicin?

A

<1 ug/ml

26
Q

What do you do if the peak level of a drug is too high?

A

Decrease the amount of each dose

27
Q

What do you do if the trough level of a drug is too high?

A

Decrease frequency of doses (increase time interval between doses)

28
Q

What organisms does penicillin cover?

A

Strep, syphilis, Neisseriea meningitides, Clostridium perfringens, beta-hemolytic strep, anthrax

NOT EFFECTIVE AGAINST STAPH OR ENTEROCOCCUS

29
Q

What specific penicillin antibiotics cover staph?

A

Oxacillin, methicillin, and nafcillin -staph only

30
Q

What is the difference between ampicillin & amoxicillin and other penicillin antibiotics?

A

These 2 also cover enterococci

31
Q

What drugs make up unasyn?

A

Ampicillin and sulbactam

32
Q

What drugs make up Augmentin?

A

Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid

33
Q

What classes of organisms do Unasyn and Augmentin cover? Do not cover?

A

GPCs (staph and strep), GNRs, +/- anaerobic coverage
Effective for enterococcus
Not effective for pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, or serratia

34
Q

What is the MOA of sulbactam and clavulanic acid?

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

35
Q

What penicillins cover pseudomonas? What other bacteria do they cover?

A

Ticarcillin and piperacillin

GNRs-enterics, Acinetobacter, Serratia

36
Q

What are the side effects of ticarcillin and pipercillin?

A

Inhibits platelets and high salt load

ABSITE Review (7 decks)

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