Urology Flashcards
Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
A. Peritoneal dialysis can occur at a patients home, while hemodialysis must be administered and supervised by medical professionals
B. Hemodialysis complications include hypotension, chest pains, and seizures. Peritoneal dialysis does not have these complications, because no blood volume is removed form the patient during the procedure,
B. Hemodialysis involves removing blood volume from the patient, while peritoneal dialysis does not.
D. Hemodialysis commonly occurs via an internal fistula, while peritoneal dialysis commonly occurs via an indwelling catheter.
B.
Hemodialysis complications include hypotension, chest pains, and seizures. Peritoneal dialysis does not have these complications, because no blood volume is removed form the patient during the procedure
All of the following may be associated with urinary tract infection EXCEPT:
A. cholecystitis
B. prostatitis
C. pyelonephritis
D. cystitis
A.
cholecystitis
All of the following are common complications of renal dialysis EXCEPT:
A. air embolis
B. bleeding from the needle puncture site
C. local infection
D. narrowing of the fistula
A
air embolism
The structure in the kidney that forms urine is the:
A. nephron
B. renal tubule
C. renal cortex
D. renal medulla
A
nephron
Which of the following statements about renal dialysis is TRUE?
A. Dialysis mimics the physiology in the nephron in that fluid moves from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration.
B. During dialysis, substances such as Na+, K+, H+, and urea are removed from the dialysate across a semipermeable membrane
C. Dialysis uses a pump to actively transport substances such as Na+, K+, H+, urea, and creatinine across a membrane.
D. Dialysis mimics the physiology in the nephron in that it relies on the principles of osmosis and equalization of osmolarity across a semipermeable membrane.
D.
Dialysis mimics the physiology in the nephron in that it relies on the principles of osmosis and equalization of osmolarity across a semipermeable membrane.
Kidney stones affect about ____ people in the United States every year.
A. 1,000,000
B. 25,000
C. 250,000
D. 500,000
D.
500,000
Of the following, which is TRUE of the changes in blood chemistry in a patient with chronic renal failure?
A. H+, K+, and Na+ retention leads to isothenuria
B. Blood glucose deceases
C. H+ excretion leads to alkalosis
D. Uremia and creatinine levels increase
D.
Uremia and creatinine levels increase
Your 42-year-old patient with no medical history presents with a 2-day history of distended abdomen; edema to the face, hands, and feet; and oliguria. Of the following, which is the most likely clinical diagnosis?
A. Acute renal failure
B. Shock
C. Chronic renal failure
D. Congestive heart failure
A.
Acute renal failure
The leading cause(s) of end-stage renal failure is (are):
A. renal calculi and kidney infection
B. uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and hypertension
C. acute renal failure
D. kidney infection
A.
renal calculi and kidney infection
Which of the following about the treatment of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) is TRUE?
A. Treatment should be conservative except for obviously life-threatening situations
B. Under medical control direction, peritoneal lavage can be initiated by a paramedic in the field using a 16 gauge angiocath, a 1,000 cc bag of normal saline, and a macrodrip set.
C. Beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers can be useful for controlling hypertension
D. Fluid must be administered to correct electrolyte imbalance
A.
Treatment should be conservative except for obviously life-threatening situations
A dialysis center RN notes that Mrs. Smith is developing neurologic abnormalities during her hemodialysis. Of the following, which is the most likely cause of her neurologic abnormalities?
A. Hypotension
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Acute myocardial infarction
D. Accumulated blood urea
D.
Accumulated blood urea
About ___ cases of chronic renal failure are diagnosed each year in the United States
A. 30,000
B. 15,000
C. 250,000
D. 25,000
A.
30,000
Your patient is a 22-year-old male who is alert and in mild discomfort, complaining of left flank pain. The patient describes the pain as diffuse, located at the left flank, and states that it has been getting increasingly more “crampy” over the past 30 minutes. He describes the pain as a 3 on a scale of 1-10. He denies dysuria and hematuria. HR= 88, BP= 116/70, RR=10. Based on your clinical findings, which of the following is the best treatment for this patient?
A. BLS transport only
B. Oxygen via nasal cannula 4 lpm, cardiac monitor, IV of NS KVO, morphine IV, transport
C. Oxygen by nonrebreathing mask at 15 lpm, cardiac monitor, IV of NS with fluid administration, morphine IV, transport
D. Position of comfort, IV with fluid administration
D.
Position of comfort, IV with fluid administration
All of the following are major functions of the kidney EXCEPT:
A. erythrocyte development regulation
B. water, electrolyte, and pH balance maintenance
C. glucose elimination
D. toxic waste removal
C.
Glucose elimination
Your patient is a 34-year-old male who had just finished dialysis at an outpatient dialysis center when he became unresponsive. The patient has a very weak radial pulse; cool, diaphoretic skin; and clear and equal lung sounds. HR=112, BP=78/44, RR=8 and shallow, SaO2=90%, blood glucose=60mg/dL. In addition to cardiac monitoring, which of the following is the best course of action?
A. Ventilate with 100% oxygen via BVM and an oropharyngeal airway, IV or normal saline, 50% dextrose IV
B. Oxygen via nonrebreather mask 15 lpm, IV of normal saline with 250 cc fluid challenge, 50% dextrose IV
C. Ventilate with 100% oxygen via BVM and an oropharyngeal airway, IV of normal saline with a 250 cc fluid challenge, 50% dextrose IV
D. Ventilate with 100% oxygen BVM, IV of normal saline with 250 cc fluid challenge
C
Ventilate with 100% oxygen via BVM and an oropharyngeal airway, IV of normal saline with a 250 cc fluid challenge, 50% dextrose IV
