Barron's EMT Paramedic Exam Chapter 2 Airway and Breathing Flashcards
Total lung capacity is:
A. The amount of gas moved in and out of the respiratory tract each minute
B. The amount of gas contained in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration
C. The amount of gas inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath
D. The amount of gas that remains in the respiratory system after forced expiration
B.
The amount of gas contained in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration
Respiratory acidosis is caused by:
A. an excess of bicarbonate
B. excess carbon dioxide retention
C. a los of bicarbonate
D. excess carbon dioxide excretion
B.
excess carbon dioxide retention
You are using an end-tidal carbon dioxide detector as a tool to assist for proper endotracheal intubation placement.
The absence of carbon dioxide in exhaled air indicates the endotracheal tube has been:
A. Placed in the right mainstem bronchus
B. Correctly placed in the trachea
C. Placed in the esophagus
D. Placed in the left mainstem bronchus
C.
Placed in the esophagus
You are using an end-tidal carbon dioxide detector as a tool to assist for proper endotracheal intubation placement.
The absence of carbon dioxide in exhaled air indicates the endotracheal tube has been placed in the trachea
Your next action is to
A. deflate the cuff, pull the endotracheal tube back 2 cm, and reassess placement.
B. secure the endotracheal tube and confirm correct placement by auscultation
C. inflate the distal cuff with 7-10 cc of air and secure the endotracheal tube
D. remove the endotracheal tube and provide several ventilations prior to attempting intubation again
B.
Anatomical dead space is:
A. the volume of air in the trachea, bronchi, and air passages that does not reach the alveoli during respiration
B. The volume of air in the trachea, bronchi, and air passages that is available for gas exchange during respiration
C. The volume of air in the alveoli that does not contribute to oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange
D. The volume of air in the alveoli that contributes to oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange during respiration
A.
The volume of air in the trachea, bronchi, and air passages that does not reach the alveoli during respiration
You are called for a 54-year-old woman who is unconscious. Your assessment reveals the patient to be apneic and pulseless. Initial management of this patient’s airway should include:
A. assisted ventilation with a bag-valve device at 6-10 LPM
B. assisted ventilation with a nonrebreather mask at 10-15 LPM
C. immediate nasotracheal intubation and ventilation with a bag-valve device
D. insertion of an oropharyngeal airway and ventilation with a bag-valve device
D.
insertion of an oropharyngeal airway and ventilation with a bag-valve device
Normal intrathoracic pressure
A. Exceeds atmospheric pressure
B. Is equal to atmospheric pressure
C. Is less than atmospheric pressure
D. None of the above
C.
Is less than atmospheric pressure
Breath sounds such as crackles and rhonchi that are not normally heard are defined as _______ breath sounds.
A. Bronchial
B. Adventitious
C. Vesicular
D. Bronchovesicular
B.
Adventitious
Which of the following correctly describes the flow of air from outside the body into the trachea?
A. Nose, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, trachea
B. Nose, nasopharynx, larynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx, trachea
C. Nose, nasal cavities, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea
D. Nose, nasal cavities, laryngopharynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, trachea
C.
Nose, nasal cavities, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea
You are called for an unresponsive 29-year-old man. Bystanders report he has been drinking heavily all day. Assessment reveals the patient to be responsive only to painful stimuli. His breathing is shallow at a rate of four to six times a minute. How would you manage this patient’s airway?
A. Nasal cannula at 2-4 LPM
B. Simple face mask at 4-6 LPM
C. Nonrebreather mask at 10-15 LPM
D. Bag-valve device with a reservoir at 10-15 LPM
D.
Bag-valve device with a reservoir at 10-15 LPM
The normal arterial pH range in the human body is
A. 7.0 - 7.15
B. 7.15 - 7.35
C. 7.35 - 7.45
D. 7.45 - 7.80
C.
7.35 - 7.45
You have orally intubated a patient. While your partner ventilates the patient with a bag-valve device, you assess for proper placement. Auscultation reveals sound heard over the right chest and an absence of breath sounds over the left chest. Your best course of action would be to:
A. Hyperventilate the patient and prepare the equipment necessary for a surgical criothyrotomy
B. Deflate the endotracheal tube cuff, withdraw the tube 2 cm, reinflate the cuff, and reevaluate breath sounds.
C. Deflate the endotracheal tube cuff, remove the endotracheal tube, and hyperventilate the patient with a bag-valve device
D. Insert a large diameter needle into the fourth or fifth intercostal space, midaxillary line
B.
Deflate the endotracheal tube cuff, withdraw the tube 2 cm, reinflate the cuff, and reevaluate breath sounds.
The Sellick maneuver
A. Is used to clear a foreign body airway obstruction in an infant or child
B. Is used to clear blood or mucus from an endotracheal tube or the nasopharynx.
C. May be used to minimize gastric distention and facilitate placement of an endotracheal tube into the glottis opening
D. Is the preferred method for opening the airway of an unconscious patient when cervical spine injury is suspected
C.
May be used to minimize gastric distention and facilitate placement of an endotracheal tube into the glottis opening
The area where the trachea divides into the right and left mainstem bronchi is known as the
A. pleura
B. xiphoid process
C. carina
D. sternal angle
C.
carina
The administration of which of the following may result in a decrease in the respiratory rate?
A. Nubain
B. Diltiazem
C. Cordarone
D. Morphine sulphate
D.
Morphine sulphate
