Urology

Question 1

what is the calculation for bladder volume using three measurements of the bladder?

Answer 1

W x H x L x 0.7

Question 2

when scanning for the kidney, what are the 4 key landmarks in the view?

Answer 2

diaphragm, liver, kidney, and vertebra

Question 3

when scanning for the kidney in the coronal plane with the patient supine, what angle should you use?

Answer 3

posterior angle

Question 4

in a normal kidney, what echogenicity is the renal sinus?

Answer 4

hyperechoic

Question 5

what does the term pyelectasis refer to?

Answer 5

dilation of the renal pelvis

Question 6

what does the term caliectasis refer to?

Answer 6

dilation of a single calyx indicating intrarenal obstruction

Question 7

the term hydronephrosis is used to describe what?

Answer 7

when both the pelvis and calyces are dilated

Question 8

how do you differentiate renal cyst(s) from dilated calyces?

Answer 8

dilated calyces should connect with the pelvis

Question 9

what PVR measurement warrants intervention?

Answer 9

> 200ml

Question 10

generally, what is the highest yield use for ultrasound for kidneys/bladder?

Answer 10

evidence of bladder or renal obstruction

Question 11

how can you differentiate renal vessels from mild hydronephrosis?

Answer 11

doppler flow

Question 12

if you are scanning the bladder and it is not anechoic, what should you do?

Answer 12

turn down the gain until the bladder is anechoic

Question 13

what ultrasound finding occurs posterior to the bladder due to the fluid?

Answer 13

posterior acoustic enhancement