Abdominal Flashcards
what is the preferred viewing window for gallbladder on ultrasound?
x-7 approach
what is the most important portion of the gallbladder to image when concerned about cholelithiasis?
neck
what are two techniques that you can use to optimize the view of the gallbladder on ultrasound?
left lateral decubitus and deep breath hold
the appendix will be visualized on ultrasound on top of which artery?
iliac artery
is ultrasound sensitive or specific for finding appendicitis?
specific, not sensitive
on ultrasound, you find an appendix that is non compressible, >6mm in diameter with edema surrounding. what is the most likely diagnosis?
appendicitis
when scanning for the appendix, you find a lumpy bumpy appearance. what is this?
colon - cecum
where should you start scanning to look for an inguinal hernia?
femoral vein
the inferior epigastric vessels will be located in which directions from the femoral vein?
superior and medial
power doppler can be used to assess whether or not an inguinal hernia is one of what two categories?
incarcerated vs. strangulated
what is the USPSTF grade B recommendation for AAA screening?
men 65 - 75 who have ever smoked - one time screening
what is the cm cutoff for diagnosing AAA?
3cm
According to the AHA / ACC, what secondary group should be screened for AAA?
everyone over the age of 65 with a first degree relative with AAA
at what measurement of AAA does the risk rise exponentially?
5cm
what is the probe of choice when performing AAA screening?
curvilinear
what are the 4 sites to measure for AAA screening?
proximal, mid, distal and iliac bifurcation
what is a normal size of the iliac arteries at the bifurcation?
< 1cm
where should you start scanning when performing AAA screening?
xiphoid
what are the 3 main branches off the aorta?
celiac / SMA / renal arteries
what are the two major branches off the celiac artery?
hepatic artery and splenic artery
the iliac arteries bifurcate from the aorta at what external bodily landmark?
umbilicus
what are the two main shapes that AAA will take?
fusiform and saccular
what is the acoustic window being used when evaluating the proximal aorta?
left lobe of the liver
at what two portions of the aorta is plaque most common?
distal aorta and iliac bifurcation
in a normal size liver, the left lobe extends to what extent medially?
midline
describe why the liver slides over the kidney during inspiration when viewed under ultrasound?
liver - intraperitoneal
kidney - retroperitoneal
how many hepatic veins enter the IVC?
three
what are the general ultrasound findings in cirrhosis?
small liver with increased echogenecity
what are the grades of fatty liver on ultrasound?
grade 1 - more echogenic, intrahepatic vessels and diaphragm are visible
grade 2- less visible vessels / diaphragm
grade 3- liver is very echogenic, vessel borders, diaphragm are not well seen
what are the two general patterns of increased echogenecity within the liver?
diffuse or patchy
what are the two areas you should assess in the LUQ for free fluid/hemoperitoneum?
above the spleen and below the diaphragm and below the spleen and above the kidney
in general, what are the three areas to scan to look for free fluid in the peritoneal cavity?
Morrison’s pouch, splenorenal recess, and retrovesical
