Pulmonary Flashcards
what do B lines signify on ultrasound?
increased density
how do you define diffuse B lines?
at least 2 zones per side with at least 3 b lines per zone
t/f b lines move with respiration and go down to the bottom of the field of view
true
will pulmonary contusion produce focal or diffuse B lines?
focal
what is a C line?
subpleural consolidation or irregularity
B and c lines arise from what structure?
visceral pleura
how will air bronchograms show up in the lung on ultrasound?
white dots / lines within lung parenchyma
in the setting of pneumonia, what is hepatization on ultrasound?
lung tissue looks like liver tissue
what finding on ultrasound is pathopneumonic for PNA?
dynamic air bronchograms
on ultrasound, you visualize focal B lines, C line, air and fluid bronchograms, and hepatization. what is the most likely diagnosis?
pneumonia
what field or view is the most important when assessing for viral PNA with ultrasound?
posterior lung bases
what is the primary difference between viral and bacterial PNA on ultrasound?
viral pna typically does not have pleural effusion, which is commonly seen in bacterial
where do most pulmonary emboli occur?
posterior / inferior lung
a patient with cough / fever has B lines, consolidations, thickened pleural line and air bronchograms, but no pleural effusion on ultrasound. what is the most likely diagnosis?
viral PNA
pulmonary emboli subpleural lesions are typically in what measurement range?
> 0.5cm and less than 3cm
pulmonary contusions, viral PNA and atelectasis typically will have subpleural consolidations in what measurement range?
< 0.5cm
subpleural consolidations > 3cm are typically seen in what pulmonary pathology?
bacterial PNA
if mirror sign is present on ultrasound of the lungs, what is most likely not present?
pleural effusion
the spine sign is evidence of what pathology on lung ultrasound?
pleural effusion
to assess for a pleural effusion, what landmark should you start at for scanning?
mid axillary line
what are the four components of routine POCUS multi-organ physical exam for the CV / Resp system?
PLAX, anterior lung fields, RUQ/LUQ, and IVC
to scan for pneumothorax, what is the patient position?
supine
t/f A lines will be present in PTX and COPD
true
what sign is most specific for PTX on ultrasound?
lung point
t/f the curtain sign signifies normal lung
true
describe the spine sign
spine should stop at the level of the diaphragm in normally aerated lung, if the spine is seen, then it signifies pleural effusion
what artifact is sensitive but not specific for pulmonary edema?
b lines
to diagnose pulmonary edema, what is the cutoff for amount of B lines per zone and how many zones are affected?
3 or more b lines per zone, 2 or more zones (per side)
t/f B line artifact moves with lung sliding
true
what is the difference between comet tail and b line artifact?
comet tail - tapers off
b line - goes to the bottom of the field of view
