Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Child Health > Urological Conditions > Flashcards

Urological Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

List 6 possible causes of antenatal hydronephrosis

A 
PUJ obstruction
Vesico-Ureteric Reflux
VUJ obstruction
Posteriod urethral valves
Duplex urinary tract systems
Multicystic dysplastic kidney
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the treatment (if any) for PUJ obstruction

A

Most cases are transient so do not require intervention. More severe cases require ‘pyeloplasty’ where the PUJ is stented to give a wider diameter for flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is vesicle-ureteric reflux?

A

Retrograde flow of urine back into the kidneys caused by a deficiency in a valve at the vesico-ureteric junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the ‘triad’ in haemolytic uraemic syndrome?

A

Haemolytic anaemia
Acute renal failure
Thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What condition do you need to exclude when bilateral hydronephrosis is detected on antenatal ultrasound with a male baby?

A

Posterior ureteric valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

Maldescent of the testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the management of cryptorchidism?

A

Orchidopexy - Surgical placement of the testis into the scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most common cause of hydronephrosis detected antenatally?

A

PUJ obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the main concern in vesico-ureteric reflux?

A

Ascending infection which causes scarring at the renal pole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the treatment for vesico-ureteric reflux?

A

Prophylactic treatment with antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the treatment of posterior urethral valves?

A

Surgical (laser) resection corrects the abnormality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How might posterior urethral valves be detected antenatally?

A

Ultrasound scan shows bilateral dilatation of the urinary tract. There may be oligohydramnios.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is meant by a duplex kidney?

A

2 ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is hypospadias?

A

Congenital malformation of the position of the urethral meatus, such that it emerges on the ventral aspect of the penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What advice should be given to parents of children with hypospadias?

A

Do not circumcise - The skin from the foreskin may be used in surgical reconstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the triad in haemolytic uraemic syndrome?

A

Acute renal failure
Haemolytic anaemia
Thrombocytopaenia

17
Q

What might be visible on blood film of a patient with haemolytic uraemic syndrome?

A

Schistocytes (fragmented RBCs)

18
Q

What is the cause of haemolytic uraemic syndrome?

A

Gastroenteritis caused by E. coli

19
Q

What is the most common cause of renal failure in children?

A

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome resulting from E. coli gastroenteritis

20
Q

True / False: Fluids and antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment for haemolytic uraemic syndrome?

A

False - Antibiotics are contraindicated as they increase expression of the verotoxin produced by E. coli. Treatment for HUS is supportive and fluids are required.

21
Q

Why is surgical correction of an undescended testis indicated?

A

Increased fertility rates

Reduces rate of malignancy

22
Q

What are the symptoms of haemolytic uraemic syndrome?

A

Oliguria
Diarrhoea and vomiting
May be jaundice (sign of haemolysis)

23
Q

What are the clinical features of nephritic syndrome?

A

Hypertension
Proteinuria
Oedema
Haematuria

24
Q

What is the triad of features in nephrotic syndrome?

A

Hypoalbinaemia
Proteinuria
Oedema

25
Q

What is the most likely cause of nephritic syndrome in children?

A

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

26
Q

What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?

A

Minimal change disease

27
Q

What is the classification of nephrotic syndrome?

A 
Steroid sensitive (90%)
Steroid resistant (10%)
28
Q

True / False: Haematuria is common in nephrotic syndrome

A

False - This is a feature of nephritic syndrome

29
Q

When would you see red cell casts on urine microscopy?

A

Nephritic syndrome

30
Q

What is the treatment for nephrotic syndrome?

A

Several week course of prednisolone

31
Q

What is a Wilm’s tumour?

A

Nephroblastoma - most common childhood renal tumour

32
Q

When does a Wilm’s tumour arise?

A

80% present before age 5, and they are rare after age 10

33
Q

What are the presenting features of Wilm’s tumour?

A

Abdominal mass
Haematuria
Abdominal pain

Child Health (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions