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Structure and Function IIb > Urogenital tract > Flashcards

Urogenital tract Flashcards

1
Q

What species has ampulla glands

A

dog, horse, ox

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2
Q

Which species has Bulbourethral glands

A

cat, pig, ox, horse,

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3
Q

Which species has vesicular glands

A

pig, ox, horse

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4
Q

Which species has prostate glands

A

all! cat, dog, pig, horse, ox

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5
Q

Which species has all 4 (prostate, vesicular, Bulbourethral, and ampulla) glands

A

horse and ox

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6
Q

Blood supply of the testis

A

Testicular artery

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7
Q

What is the pampiniform plexus

A

ultimately reduced a single vein (testicular v) which drains into the caudal vena cava

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8
Q

Function of the pampiniform plexus

A

contact between the vessels within the spermatic cord cools the blood within the artery on its descent to the testis

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9
Q

Ruminant site of ejaculation:

A

Intravaginal around the cervical os

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10
Q

Consistency of semen in ruminants:

A

low volume but dense semen so high density ejaculate

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11
Q

Stallion/Boar site of ejaculation:

A

intrauterine into the uterine body

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12
Q

Consistency of semen in stallion/boar:

A

high volume, but low density of fractionated ejaculate

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13
Q

Dog site of ejaculation:

A

intravaginal

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14
Q

Consistency of semen in dogs:

A

high volume, low density of fractioned ejaculates

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15
Q

flaccid state is dominated by ____ system

A

sympathetic

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16
Q

erect state is dominated by _____ system

A

parasympathetic

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17
Q

what state are you in there is relaxation of smooth muscles of blood vessels in CCP

A

Erect state (positive feedback)

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18
Q

once there is relaxation of smooth muscles of blood vessels in CCP what happens next?

A

increased blood flow to CCP causing a positive feedback mechanism

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19
Q

once there there is increased blood flow to CCP what happens next?

A

contraction of skeletal muscle of root of penis

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20
Q

once there is contraction of skeletal muscle of root of penis what happens next?

A

occlusion of veins of CCP so increased blood pumped into CCP

21
Q

once occlusion of veins of CCP so increased blood pumped into CCP what happens next?

A

swelling and tugar of penis

22
Q

the crura become the ____

A

corpus cavernosum

23
Q

which species has a fibroelectric penis?

A

bull and boar

24
Q

which species has a musculocavernous penis?

A

stallion and dog

25
Q

List the characteristics of a fibroelastric penis:

A
  • small blood spaces
  • thick and tough connective tissue
  • little blood to become erect
  • sigmoid flexure straightens (s shaped flexure)
26
Q

List the characteristics of a musculocavernous penis?

A
  • larger blood spaces
  • more muscular septa
  • more blood to become erected
  • changes in length and girth
27
Q

which species has the most developed glans?

A

horse

28
Q

which species has the least developed glans?

A

pig

29
Q

Urethral process in small ruminants predispose them to?

A

urethral blockage

30
Q

____ urethral process in stallions

A

small

31
Q

what are the 3 components of the penis?

A

2 crura of the penis, corpus cavernosum, and corpus spongiosum

32
Q

T/F The corpus cavernosum does not extend to the tip of the penis

A

TRUE

33
Q

The corpus cavernosum is surrounded by what tunica?

A

albuginea

34
Q

corpus spongiosum is a continuation of ______ in pelvic urethra

A

spongy tissue

35
Q

in ruminants, the uterus slips deep into the abdomen at ___ months

A

five

36
Q

T/F ruminants have a fixed cervix 5 months after pregnancy?

A

TRUE

37
Q

which 2 areas need to be dissected during open castration

A

visceral layer of vaginal tunic and parietal layer of vaginal tunic

38
Q

which 2 areas need to be dissected during closed castration

A

parietal layer of vaginal tunic and external spermatic fascia

39
Q

what two things do the epididymis attach to?

A
  • proper ligament of the testes

- ligament of the tail of the epididymis

40
Q

the spermatic cord extends between the ___ and ____

A

testes and pelvic cavity

41
Q

what 4 structures does the spermatic cord enclose?

A
  • deferent duct
  • testicular artery
  • testicular vein
  • testicular nerves and lymph vessels
42
Q

what factors influence theromregulation in the testes?

A
  • cremaster muscle to pull up the testicles
  • lack of fat under the scrotum
  • sweat glands
  • pampiniform plexus
  • tunica dartos
  • scrotal testes
43
Q

Herniation is common/uncommon in boars and stallions?

A

common

44
Q

Why is herniation common in boars and stallions?

A
  • wide internal vaginal ring

- wide inguinal canal

45
Q

temperature in testicles in cooler or warmer than the rest of the body?

A

cooler–33C

46
Q

Position of the scrotum in the tomcat/boar/llamas

A

perineal (just below the tail)

47
Q

Position of the scrotum in the stallion/dog

A

intermediate

48
Q

Posirion of the scrotum in ruminants

A

inguinal (hanging between the legs)

Structure and Function IIb (8 decks)

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