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Structure and Function IIb > Neurophysiology > Flashcards

Neurophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

LMN damage means ______ to muscle damaged

A

innervation

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2
Q

LMN damages the?

A

reflex arc

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3
Q

UMN ______ of reflex arc is damaged

A

inhibition

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4
Q

UMN damage cranial to the reflex arc

A

means DISINHIBITION of reflex arc

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5
Q

If the ENTIRE neuron is affected in single embryological segments of body

A

LMN affected

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6
Q

Which LAMINA is affected in LMN

A

IX

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7
Q

if the neuron entirely within the CNS not in peripheral nervous system is affected

A

UMN

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8
Q

UMN usually inhibit?

A

LMN

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9
Q

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or describable in terms of such damage

A

PAIN

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10
Q

The neural processes of encoding and processing noxious stimuli i.e. a signal arriving at the central nervous system as a result of nociceptor stimulation

A

Nociception

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11
Q

A high-threshold sensory receptor of the peripheral somatosensory nervous system that is capable of transducing and encoding noxious stimuli

A

Nociceptor

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12
Q

Nociceptors give rise to 2 categories of pain perception which are?

A

Alpha myelinated fibers and c-fibre unmyelinated fibers

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13
Q

Which category of pain has these characteristics:

  • First pain (sharp/pinprick)
  • Sharp sensation, felt immediately
  • Lasts only for duration of stimulus
  • Conduction speed ~20 m/s
A

ALPHA MYELINATED FIBERS

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14
Q

Which category of pain has these characteristics:

  • Second pain (true)
  • Burning/aching sensation
  • Longer lasting
  • Conduction speed <2 m/s
A

C-fiber unmyelinated

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15
Q

T/F there are the Pathway from stimulus to perception occurs in five stages:

  • Pain reception & relay to spinal cord
  • Processing in the dorsal horn
  • Ascending pathways to the brain
  • Central processing
  • Descending analgesic pathway
A

TRUE

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16
Q

Intimately linked to inflammation

A

peripheral modulation

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17
Q

Peripheral sensitisation has _____ depolarisation of nociceptors via activation of ion channels

A

DIRECT

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18
Q

Peripheral sensitisation has ______ threshold AP generation via phosphorylation of ion channels

A

decreased

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19
Q

the result of peripheral modulation is?

A

sensitization

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20
Q

cells involved with peripheral modulation

A

– Activated nociceptors
• Macrophages
• Mast cells
• Thrombocytes

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21
Q

which damanged tissues are involved with peripheral modulation

A

arachidonic acid and purines

22
Q

Inflammatory-mediated increase in local nociceptor sensitivity =

A

primary hyperalgesia

23
Q

Increased pain from a stimulus that normally provokes pain

A

hyperalgesia

24
Q

Absence of pain in response to a stimulus that normally provokes pain

A

analgesia

25
Q

Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain

A

allodynia

26
Q

Diminished pain in response to a normally painful stimulus

A

hypoalgesia

27
Q

Perceived increase in pain sensitivity over time when a given stimulus is delivered repeatedly above a critical rate or intensity

A

wind-up

28
Q

Pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system

A

neuropathic pain

29
Q

Stimulus that is damaging or threatens damage to normal tissues

A

noxious stimulus

30
Q

Role of hippocampus?

A

short term memory and spatial location

31
Q

Network type in hippocampus?

A

random network (more axons per neurons means high cost energy system and LONG axons which why its small)

32
Q

Role of cerebellum?

A

plans and adjust motor output – coordinates movements

33
Q

Network type in cerebellum?

A

small world network

34
Q

Advantage of a small world network in the cerebellum?

A

many more LOCAL connections than long distance connections so short axon per neuron which means small metabolic requirement

35
Q

Disadvantage of a small world network in the cerebellum?

A

Poor global processing which means no random processing and gives up our cross talk

36
Q

Inhibitory interneurons in the cerebellum?

A

Basket cells, Stellate cells,

Granule cells

37
Q

Outgoing Purkinje cells are the —-?

A

output so they synapse in cerebellar nuclei

38
Q

is there is an absense in Purkinje cells what happens?

A

no output from the cerebellum

39
Q

Minimises difference between intended and actual movements so Smooth and coordinated movements

A

the cerebellum

40
Q

when an animal tries to do something and things are wobbly

A

intenion tremor

41
Q

when an animal does something and they have a smoooth muscle action so no tremor but when they sit still they have tremor

A

basal ganglia tremor

42
Q

what are the 2 kinds of memory?

A

explicit and implicit

43
Q

Conscious recollection of a previous episode (ex: remembering what you had for dinner last night)

A

explicit

44
Q

An effect on thought or action attributable to a previous event or series of events – but you can’t remember the events

A

implicit

45
Q

What memory are we using to remember our times table?

A

explicit

46
Q

what memory is the reason why you can’t teach someone how to play guitar with words only motor memory?

A

implicit

47
Q

what memory is responsible for phobias?

A

implicit

48
Q

long term potentiation is short or long term memory?

A

SHORT

49
Q

habituation and synaptic developed is long or short term memory?

A

LONG

50
Q

reduced number of synapses

A

CHRONIC HABITUATION

51
Q

increased number of synapses

A

CHRONIC SENSITIZATION

Structure and Function IIb (8 decks)

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