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Structure and Function IIb > equine head and neck > Flashcards

equine head and neck Flashcards

1
Q

Motor innervation to the face

A

CN VII - facial

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2
Q

Sensory innervation to the head

A

CN V - trigeminal (V1, V2, V3)

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3
Q

where to take the pulse in equine head?

A

facial artery

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4
Q

THE GUTTURAL POUCHES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE

A

Internal Carotid, External Carotid, & Maxillary Arteries

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5
Q

what cranial nerves are associated with the guttral pouches?

A

Cranial Nerves IX, X, XI and XII

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6
Q

The function of Viborg’s triangle:

A

a place for the surgical incision to locate and open an infected diverticulum of the auditory tube (AKA GUTTRAL POUCH)

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7
Q

in the horse the frontal sinus drains into ????, not directly into the nasal cavity.

A

the caudal maxillary sinus

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8
Q

CN VII (Hypoglossal) supplies what?

A

Rrostal 2/3rd of the tongue

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9
Q

The parotid gland occupies what space?

A

It occupies the space between the caudal border of the mandible, the wing of the atlas, and the base of the ear, and ventrally it extends to
the linguofacial vein

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10
Q

What blood supplies accompanies the parotod duct

A

facial artery and facial vein

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11
Q

Where does the parotod duct drain into?

A

duct opens into the oral vestibule opposite of the 2nd or 3rd upper check tooth

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12
Q

Where does the mandibular duct drain in to?

A

passes onto the deep surface of the mylohyoideus where it follows the medial aspect of the sublingual gland to the sublingual caruncle on the floor of the mouth a few cm caudal to the incisors.

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13
Q

Muscles of mastication are innverated by what CN?

A

Mandibular (V3)

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14
Q

what includes the muscles mastication?

A

pterygoideus mm, massester, temporalis

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15
Q

Muscles of mastication are innverated by what CN?

A

Mandibular (V3) motor branch

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16
Q

Digastricus receives innervation from what CN?

A

Facial nerve

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17
Q

Swallowing mechanism in horses:

A

In swallowing the epiglottis, sliding out from the intrapharyngeal ostium, by its retroflexion closes the entrance to the larynx. By elevating the dorsum of the tongue, the bolus passes across the laryngeal entrance into the esophagus. A false passage into the nasal pharynx is prevented by elevation of the soft palate.

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18
Q

Swallowing mechanism in horses:

A

In swallowing, the bolus of food in the oral cavity, the bolus pushes the soft palate up, pushes the epiglottis back, runs along the rostal border of epiglottis to get injected into the esophagus, sliding out from the intrapharyngeal ostium, by its retroflexion closes the entrance to the larynx. By elevating the dorsum of the tongue, the bolus passes across the laryngeal entrance into the esophagus. A false passage into the nasal pharynx is prevented by elevation of the soft palate.

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19
Q

Damage to cranial nerve ____ results additionally in partial loss of the sensory and motor functions of the pharynx.

A

CN X - VAGUS

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20
Q

If the ____ cranial nerve is paralyzed, the lingual muscles are involved. The tongue droops from the mouth and cannot be retracted into the oral cavity.

A

XII - hypoglossal

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21
Q

Viborg’s triangle location (borders)

A

Its borders are dorsally the tendon of the sternomandibular muscle (sternocephalicus muscle), rostrally the cervical border of the mandible and ventrally the linguofacial vein.

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22
Q

Viborg’s triangle location (borders)

A

Its borders are dorsally the tendon of the sternomandibular muscle (sternocephalicus muscle), rostrally the cervical border of the mandible and ventrally the linguofacial vein.

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23
Q

CN XII function:

A

It supplies the motor innervation to all extrinsic and instrinsic muscles of the tongue

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24
Q

masseter, pterygoid, and temporalis muscles, and rostral part of the digastric muscle are innverated by which CN?

A

CN V - MANDIBULAR BRANCH

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25
Q

safe entry into the maxillary sinus

A

-line from facial crest to the medial canthus of the eye for safe entry into maxillary sinuses

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26
Q

safe entry into the maxillary sinus to avoid infraorbital nerve

A
  • apex of the nasoincisive notch –> line from facial crest –> medial canthus of the eye for safe entry into maxillary sinuses (use the straight line as your dorsal border)
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27
Q

What two structures are you trying to avoid when trying to access the maxillary sinus?

A

the nasolacrimal duct and the infraorbital nerve

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28
Q

What are the dorsal boundaries of the guttural pouches?

A

base of the skull and atlas.

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29
Q

What are the ventral boundaries of the guttural pouches?

A

are the pharynx and the commencement of the esophagus.

30
Q

What are the lateral boundaries of the guttural pouches?

A

pterygoid muscles and the parotid and mandibular salivary glands.

31
Q

What are the medial boundaries of the guttural pouches?

A

longus capitis muscles and the septum which separates the two medial compartments.

32
Q

What are the important anatomic features and structures associated with the guttural pouches

A

The stylohyoid bone, The medial retropharyngeal lymph node, AND Cranial nerves IX, X and XI

33
Q

Sphincter of the mouth

A

obicularis oris

34
Q

sphincter of the eye

A

orbicualris oculi

35
Q

what muscle closes the horses lips?

A

obicularis oris

36
Q

what muscle closes the horses eye

A

orbicularis oculi

37
Q

what cranial nerve is most superficial on the face?

A

facial nerve – right under the cheek

38
Q

Where does the facial nerve come from?

A

facial nerve comes right out of the skull and through the parotid gland

39
Q

what happens if something happens to the superficial CN VII (facial)

A

hemi paralysis on one side of the face

40
Q

infraoribital nerve is an extension of the ____ nerve

A

maxillary

41
Q

2 places to take a pulse on the face?

A

transverse facial artery and the facial artery

42
Q

2 places to take a pulse on the face?

A

transverse facial artery and the facial artery

43
Q

nerve supply to the maxilla?

A

maxillary nerve

44
Q

what nerve comes out of the foramen ovale

A

mandibular nerve

45
Q

What nerve comes out of the infraorbital canal ???

A

maxillary nerve

46
Q

what innervates the rostal 2/3rds of the tongue

A

lingual nerve

47
Q

innervation of the teeth(roots)

A

V3 —> inferior alveolar nerve

48
Q

what does the inferior alveolar nerve turn into?

A

mental nerve that comes out of mental foramen

49
Q

Innervation of the teeth of the maxilla?

A

maxillary nerve (V2)

50
Q

what does the maxillary nerve terminate into?

A

infraorbital nerve

51
Q

motor nerve of the eyelid

A

facial nerve branch auriculopalpebral

52
Q

sensory nerve of the eyelid

A

supraorbital nerve from V1

53
Q

T/F cows don’t have a supraorbital nerve

A

TRUE - cornual nerve

54
Q

what nerve desensitizes the area around the base of the horn in cattle for disbudding?

A

cornual nerve

55
Q

Endoscopic entry route to guttral pouch

A

go up through ventral meatus –> poke it through pharyngeal slit and you’re in the pouch

56
Q

adductor of the vocal folds?

A

cricoaryentoid muscle

57
Q

what nerve is the main sensory supply to all the maxilla?

A

infraorbital nerve

58
Q

Drainage pathway for the all the sinuses?

A

rostal and caudal maxillary sinus share the opening –> space between dorsal and ventral conchi into the middle meatus of the nasal cavity

59
Q

How does the frontoconchal drain?

A

from the frontal sinus to the caudal maxillary sinus -> space between dorsal and ventral conchi into the middle meatus of the nasal cavity

60
Q

sinus infection in horses?

A

roots of the cheek teeth (maxillary teeth) stimulates the superior alveolar nerve

61
Q

what sinus can be affected in cattle if you dehorn too late?

A

frontal sinus as it can grow out into the developing horn

62
Q

What structure would be affected if you were too high up (more dorsal) to the line from the nasoincisive notch and the medial canthus of the eye

A

the nasolacrimal duct

63
Q

what happens if you hit the nasolacrimal duct?

A

the tears in the eye wouldnt have a drinage pathway so they would be running down the face

64
Q

whats the role of the stylohyoid bone?

A

to seperate the medial and lateral compartments of the guttral pouch

65
Q

what is the anchor part of the tongue?

A

lingual process of basihyoid

66
Q

what cartilage allows adduction and abduction of the vocal cords

A

arytenoid cartilages rotate on the top of the thyroid cartilage

67
Q

what muscle abducts the vocal cord?

A

dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle

68
Q

Explain what happens during laryngeal hemiplegia (roaring)

A

the reccruent larygngeal nerve has become damaged – happens on the left usually – maybe be attacked by lymph nodes when the horse is suick which invades the vagas and denervates L recurrent laryngeal branch

69
Q

Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve go?

A

the left recurrent laryngeal nerve reflects off the vagus around the arch of the aorta

70
Q

what happens if you deinnervates the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle

A

if the muscle is damaged you get an instability to the vocal cords on the side thats affected (becomes floppy/passive)

71
Q

what causes the roaring sound?

A

when the horse breathes in the vocal fold flaps in the wind which creates the vibration that makes the noise

Structure and Function IIb (8 decks)

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