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Gross Anatomy II > Urogenital System > Flashcards

Urogenital System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the urogenital system?

A

organs involved in the formation (kidneys) and excretion (bladder) of urine together with those organs involved in male and female reproduction

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2
Q

What are the two parts of the pelvic cavity?

A

peritoneal and retroperitoneal

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3
Q

What makes up the pelvic girdle?

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

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4
Q

What are the pouches of the pelvic cavity?

A
  • Para-rectal fossa (by median lig of rectum)
  • Recto-genital pouch
  • Vesico-genital pouch (genital fold (male) or broad lig. (female))
  • Vesico-pubic pouch (lateral lig. of bladder and median lig. of bladder)
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5
Q

What is the pelvic disphragm primarily made up of? What does it do?

A

primarily made up of muscles - coccygeus m. and levator ani m.
- anchors the rectum

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6
Q

What is the urogenital diaphragm primarily made up of? what does it do?

A

Made up of fascia

- anchors reproductive tract

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7
Q

What is the perineum?

A

external portion of pelvic outlet (wall)

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8
Q

What is the perineal area?

A

region from tail to scrotal or udder attachment - entire vulva

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9
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

muscles and associated fascia at center of perineum

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10
Q

What is found in the urethral crest (male)?

A

colliculus seminalis

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11
Q

What ducts open at the colliculus seminalis?

A

ejaculatory duct and prostatic duct

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12
Q

True or false? Females have a colliculus seminalis.

A

False, it is only found in males

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13
Q

What are the two main types of penises? What animals generally have each type?

A

Musculo-cavernous (carnivores like dog, tom cat. but also the stallion)
- erectile tissue
Fibro-elastic (ruminants like bull, ram, buck, boar)
- retractor penis muscle

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14
Q

What are the three main regions of the penis?

A

root, body and glans

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15
Q

What are the three vascular columns of the penis? (erectile tissue)

A
  • corpus cavernosum (2 crura or roots proximally that converge distally)
  • Corpus spongiosum
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16
Q

True or false? Corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum are not found in a fibro-elastic penis

A

False

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17
Q

What are the three muscles of the penis?

A
  • ischiocavernosus m. (paired and striated)
  • Bulbospongiosus m. (single and striated)
  • Retractor Penis m. (paired and mostly smooth)
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18
Q

What muscle is associated with the pelvic urethra?

A

urethralis m. (single and striated)

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19
Q

What is the prepuce?

A

fold of skin surrounding the glans penis

20
Q

What important structures are found on either side of the external opening of the penile urethra in the glans penis?

A
  • Urethral sinus

- Fossa glandis

21
Q

What can be found in the urethral sinus?

A

a “bean” - pellet of accumulated smegma

22
Q

What do you swab when checking a stallion for contagious equine metritis (CEM)?

A

the urethra, fossa glandis, and body of the penis

23
Q

In what species is the prepuce and prepubital diverticulum found?

A

boar

24
Q

What is the prepubital diverticulum?

A

sacs just before the exit of the penis that excretes a foul smelling substance made up of cell debris, urine, semen, and pheromones.

25
Q

What is the scrotum? What does it do?

A

dual-chambered pouch that contains the testes and epididymus.
- protects and supports the testes

26
Q

What are the layers of the scrotum?

A
  1. skin
  2. tunica dartos m. (smooth)
  3. Scrotal or spermatic fascia (external and internal)
  4. Parietal and visceral vaginal tunic
  5. Tunica albuginea (surrounds testes)
27
Q

What is the dartos muscle? What is it responsible for?

A

superficial fascia responsible for the puckering or wrinkling of the scrotum

28
Q

What does the cremaster m. arise from?

A

the internal abdominal oblique

29
Q

What is the functions of the cremaster muscle?

A

elevates testes

30
Q

What are the accessory sex glands?

A
  • ampullae
  • vesicular glands (seminal vesicles)
  • prostate gland
  • bulbourethral gland (cowpers)
31
Q

Where is the ampullae found?

A

it is the distension at the distal end of ductus deferens

32
Q

Where are most of the accessory sex glands found?

A

along the length of the pelvic urethra (not ampullae)

33
Q

What do the accessory sex glands do?

A

produce secretions (seminal plasma)

  • energy source for sperm
  • fascilitate motility
  • protection against acid environment of female repro. tract
  • cervical plug
34
Q

Which species has an enlarged bulbourethral gland?

A

pig

35
Q

Which species has a disseminate prostate?

A

sheep

36
Q

Which species lacks ampullae?

A

boar, dog, tom cat

37
Q

Which species lacks vesicular glands?

A

dog, tom cat

38
Q

Which species lack a prostate?

A

none

39
Q

Which species lack bulbourethral glands?

A

dogs

40
Q

What type of uterus do cows, bitches, queens, sows, and mares have?

A

bicornuate

41
Q

Which species have highly developed uterine horns?

A

bitch, queen, sow

42
Q

What lymph nodes collectively drain the pelvic cavity?

A
  • sacral ln.
  • medial iliac ln.
  • superficial inguinal ln.
43
Q

What are the borders of the superficial inguinal ring?

A

inguinal ligament, and aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique m.

44
Q

What are the borders of the deep inguinal ring?

A

lateral border of rectus abdominis m., inguinal ligament, caudal border of the internal abdominal oblique

45
Q

What structures pass through the inguinal canal in both the male and female?

A

vaginal process/tunic, external pudendal a./v., genitofemoral n.

46
Q

What female specific structure(s) pass through the inguinal canal?

A

round ligament of the uterus

47
Q

What male specific structure(s) pass through the inguinal canal?

A

spermatic cord, cremaster muscle

Gross Anatomy II (5 decks)

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