Urogenital System

Question 1

What is the urogenital system?

Answer 1

organs involved in the formation (kidneys) and excretion (bladder) of urine together with those organs involved in male and female reproduction

Question 2

What are the two parts of the pelvic cavity?

Answer 2

peritoneal and retroperitoneal

Question 3

What makes up the pelvic girdle?

Answer 3

ilium, ischium, pubis

Question 4

What are the pouches of the pelvic cavity?

Answer 4

• Para-rectal fossa (by median lig of rectum)
• Recto-genital pouch
• Vesico-genital pouch (genital fold (male) or broad lig. (female))
• Vesico-pubic pouch (lateral lig. of bladder and median lig. of bladder)

Question 5

What is the pelvic disphragm primarily made up of? What does it do?

Answer 5

primarily made up of muscles - coccygeus m. and levator ani m.
- anchors the rectum

Question 6

What is the urogenital diaphragm primarily made up of? what does it do?

Answer 6

Made up of fascia

- anchors reproductive tract

Question 7

What is the perineum?

Answer 7

external portion of pelvic outlet (wall)

Question 8

What is the perineal area?

Answer 8

region from tail to scrotal or udder attachment - entire vulva

Question 9

What is the perineal body?

Answer 9

muscles and associated fascia at center of perineum

Question 10

What is found in the urethral crest (male)?

Answer 10

colliculus seminalis

Question 11

What ducts open at the colliculus seminalis?

Answer 11

ejaculatory duct and prostatic duct

Question 12

True or false? Females have a colliculus seminalis.

Answer 12

False, it is only found in males

Question 13

What are the two main types of penises? What animals generally have each type?

Answer 13

Musculo-cavernous (carnivores like dog, tom cat. but also the stallion)
- erectile tissue
Fibro-elastic (ruminants like bull, ram, buck, boar)
- retractor penis muscle

Question 14

What are the three main regions of the penis?

Answer 14

root, body and glans

Question 15

What are the three vascular columns of the penis? (erectile tissue)

Answer 15

• corpus cavernosum (2 crura or roots proximally that converge distally)
• Corpus spongiosum

Question 16

True or false? Corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum are not found in a fibro-elastic penis

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What are the three muscles of the penis?

Answer 17

• ischiocavernosus m. (paired and striated)
• Bulbospongiosus m. (single and striated)
• Retractor Penis m. (paired and mostly smooth)

Question 18

What muscle is associated with the pelvic urethra?

Answer 18

urethralis m. (single and striated)

Question 19

What is the prepuce?

Answer 19

fold of skin surrounding the glans penis

Question 20

What important structures are found on either side of the external opening of the penile urethra in the glans penis?

Answer 20

• Urethral sinus

- Fossa glandis

Question 21

What can be found in the urethral sinus?

Answer 21

a “bean” - pellet of accumulated smegma

Question 22

What do you swab when checking a stallion for contagious equine metritis (CEM)?

Answer 22

the urethra, fossa glandis, and body of the penis

Question 23

In what species is the prepuce and prepubital diverticulum found?

Answer 23

boar

Question 24

What is the prepubital diverticulum?

Answer 24

sacs just before the exit of the penis that excretes a foul smelling substance made up of cell debris, urine, semen, and pheromones.

Question 25

What is the scrotum? What does it do?

Answer 25

dual-chambered pouch that contains the testes and epididymus. - protects and supports the testes

Question 26

What are the layers of the scrotum?

Answer 26

1. skin 2. tunica dartos m. (smooth) 3. Scrotal or spermatic fascia (external and internal) 4. Parietal and visceral vaginal tunic 5. Tunica albuginea (surrounds testes)

Question 27

What is the dartos muscle? What is it responsible for?

Answer 27

superficial fascia responsible for the puckering or wrinkling of the scrotum

Question 28

What does the cremaster m. arise from?

Answer 28

the internal abdominal oblique

Question 29

What is the functions of the cremaster muscle?

Answer 29

elevates testes

Question 30

What are the accessory sex glands?

Answer 30

- ampullae - vesicular glands (seminal vesicles) - prostate gland - bulbourethral gland (cowpers)

Question 31

Where is the ampullae found?

Answer 31

it is the distension at the distal end of ductus deferens

Question 32

Where are most of the accessory sex glands found?

Answer 32

along the length of the pelvic urethra (not ampullae)

Question 33

What do the accessory sex glands do?

Answer 33

produce secretions (seminal plasma) - energy source for sperm - fascilitate motility - protection against acid environment of female repro. tract - cervical plug

Question 34

Which species has an enlarged bulbourethral gland?

Answer 34

pig

Question 35

Which species has a disseminate prostate?

Answer 35

sheep

Question 36

Which species lacks ampullae?

Answer 36

boar, dog, tom cat

Question 37

Which species lacks vesicular glands?

Answer 37

dog, tom cat

Question 38

Which species lack a prostate?

Answer 38

none

Question 39

Which species lack bulbourethral glands?

Answer 39

dogs

Question 40

What type of uterus do cows, bitches, queens, sows, and mares have?

Answer 40

bicornuate

Question 41

Which species have highly developed uterine horns?

Answer 41

bitch, queen, sow

Question 42

What lymph nodes collectively drain the pelvic cavity?

Answer 42

- sacral ln. - medial iliac ln. - superficial inguinal ln.

Question 43

What are the borders of the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 43

inguinal ligament, and aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique m.

Question 44

What are the borders of the deep inguinal ring?

Answer 44

lateral border of rectus abdominis m., inguinal ligament, caudal border of the internal abdominal oblique

Question 45

What structures pass through the inguinal canal in both the male and female?

Answer 45

vaginal process/tunic, external pudendal a./v., genitofemoral n.

Question 46

What female specific structure(s) pass through the inguinal canal?

Answer 46

round ligament of the uterus

Question 47

What male specific structure(s) pass through the inguinal canal?

Answer 47

spermatic cord, cremaster muscle