Arteries, Nerves, and Veins Pelvis and Pelvic limb Flashcards
What is the only branch off of the external iliac artery within the abdominal cavity?
deep femoral artery
What does the pudendoepigastric trunk branch off of?
- deep femoral artery
What branches off of the pudendoepigastric trunk?
- caudal epigastric artery
- external epigastric artery
What does the caudal epigastric artery supply?
caudal half of rectus abdominis m.
What does the external pudendal artery supply?
passes through inguinal canal, to gracilis m. and external reproductive organs
What is the medial circumflex femoral artery and what does it supply?
it is a continuation of the deep femoral artery that passes through the vascular lacuna to the adductor m.
What branches off the femoral artery?
- Superficial circumflex iliac a.
- lateral circumflex iliac a.
- proximal caudal femoral a.
- saphenous a.
- descending genicular a.
- middle caudal femoral a.
- distal caudal femoral a.
What does the lateral circumflex femoral a. supply?
quadriceps mm., tensor fascia latae m., superficial and middle gluteal mm., and hip joint capsule
What does the proximal caudal femoral artery supply?
pectineus, adductor mm., gracilis m.
What does the saphenous artery supply?
skin on medial side of stifle
- cranial br. -> dorsal crural mm., dorsal paw via dorsal common digital aa.
- caudal br. -> caudal crus and hock, plantar paw via plantar
What does the middle caudal femoral artery supply?
distal adductor and semimembranosus
What does the distal caudal femoral artery supply?
biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius, and digital flexors
What does the popliteal artery supply?
stifle, gastrocnemius m., popliteus m.,
What branches off the popliteal artery?
cranial tibial a. and caudal tibial a.
What does the cranial tibial artery supply?
peroneus longus m., long digital extensor, and cranial tibial m.
What does the dorsal pedal artery supply? What is it important for?
tarsus, important for arterial catheter placement
What are the branches of the femoral vein?
- lateral saphenous v.
- medial saphenous v.
What is used for venipuncture and catheter placement in the dog?
cranial branch of the lateral saphenous v.
What is used for venipuncture and catheter placement in the cat?
medial saphenous v.
What branches from the medial saphenous v.?
cranial branch of medial saphenous v.
What is the lumbosacral plexus?
ventral branches of the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves
What nerves are involved in the lumbosacral plexus
- obturator nerve, femoral n., pudendal n., caudal cutaneous femoral n., lumbosacral trunk.
What branches off of the femoral nerve? what does it innervate?
saphenous nerve - innervates sartorius, cutaneous zone: medial thigh, stifle, leg, tarsus, and remainder of the paw.
What does the femoral nerve innervate?
sartorius m., quadraceps m., and iliopsoas mm. (in part)
What does the obturator nerve innervate?
external obturator m., pectineus m., gracilis m., adductor m.
What does the pudendal nerve innervate?
internal reproductive structures
What are the branches of the pudendal nerve?
- caudal rectal n.
- perineal n.
- dorsal n. of the penis
What does the caudal rectal nerve innervate?
external anal sphincter
What do the perineal nn. innervate?
muscles of the penis or vestibule/vagina
What are the branches of the lumbosacral trunk?
- caudal gluteal n.
- cranial gluteal n.
- sciatic (ischiatic) n.
What does the caudal gluteal n. innervate?
superficial gluteal n.
What does the cranial gluteal n. innervate?
middle gluteal, deep gluteal, tensor fascia latae
What does the sciatic nerve innervate?
internal obturator m., gamelli m., quadratus femoris m.
What are the branches of the sciatic nerve?
tibial n. and common peroneal n.
What does the common peroneal n. innervate?
cranial tibial, peroneus longus, long digital extensor m.
What does the tibial n. innervate?
gastrocnemius, superficial digital flexor, popliteus, deep digital flexor, sensory to plantar surface of pes
What branches off of the common peroneal nerve?
- lateral cutaneous sural n.
- Superficial peroneal n.
- deeper peroneal n.
Where is the lateral cutaneous sural n. ?
cuteaneous zone of lateral surface of crus
Where is the superficial peroneal n.?
cuteaneous zone to dorsal pes
Where is the deep peroneal n. ?
cutaneous zone to dorsal pes
What branches from the tibial nerve? Where is it?
caudal cutaneous sural n. - cutaneous zone of caudal surface of crus
What name changes does the femoral artery undergo as it descends the leg to the medial and lateral plantar digital arteries? (horse)
femoral a. -> popliteal a. -> cranial tibial a. -> dorsal pedal a. -> dorsal metatarsal a. III -> medial and lateral plantar digital aa.
What branches off the femoral artery? (horse)
saphenous a. and caudal femoral a.
Where is the saphenous artery? (horse)
just above the hock anastomosis from caudal tibial a occur and joins with caudal femoral before branching
What do the branches of the saphenous artery supply?
cranial branch = superficial, medial tarsus and distal structures
Caudal branch = receives an S shaped anastomosis from the caudal tibial a. before branching
Where does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?
after the caudal femoral a. branches off the femoral a.
Where does the popliteal artery become the cranial tibial artery?
as the cranial and caudal tibial a. branch distally
Where does the cranial tibial a. become the dorsal pedal a.?
at the level of the tarsus, joins with a branch from the saphenous a.
Where does the dorsal pedal a. become the dorsal metatarsal artery III?
from the begining of the metatarsals to the fetlock
Where does the dorsal metatarsal artery III become the medial and lateral plantar digital arteries?
at the level of the fetlock the dorsal metatarsal III splits into the medial and lateral branches.
What anastomosis with the dorsal metatarsal artery III ?
branches from the saphenous artery at the level of the fetlock
What are the superficial veins of the pelvic limb?
- Medial saphenous
- Lateral saphenous
how does the medial saphenous vein become the medial plantar digital vein?
via the cranial branch of the medial saphenous and common dorsal digital II
What branches off of the lateral saphenous vein?
common plantar digital plantar III vein and then lateral plantar digital vein
What are the lymph nodes of the pelvic limb?
- proximal femoral (deep inguinal) ln
- subiliac ln
- Ischiatic ln
- Popliteal ln
What does the tibial nerve split into? (horse)
medial and lateral plantar nerves
Where is the medial plantar nerve?
cutaneous distribution to medioplantar metatarsal
Where is the medial plantar digital nerve?
cutaneous distribution to the dorsal digit
True or false? Both the medial and lateral plantar digital nerves have dorsal branches.
True
Where is the communicating branch found?
between the medial and lateral plantar nerves superficial to the superficial digital flexor tendon at the level of the metatarsus
What does the lateral plantar nerve innervate?
interosseus m., cutaneous distribution to the lateroplantar metatarsus
Which nerve has another branch? The the medial or lateral plantar nerves.
Lateral plantar
What is the branch of the lateral plantar nerve?
the deep branch -> medial and lateral plantar metatarsal nerves
Where are the medial and lateral plantar metatarsal nerves?
cutaneous distribution to plantar metatarsus, lies on the axial surface of the splint bones
What does the common peroneal nerve innervate? (horse)
lateral extensor m., cutaneous distribution to lateral leg,
What nerve, if damaged, will result in knuckling over?
the common peroneal nerve
What are the branches of the common peroneal n.?
- superficial peroneal n.
- Deep peroneal n.
What does the superficial peroneal n. innervate?
cutaneous distribution to lateral aspect of crus to the fetlock, lateral digital extensor m.
What does the deep peroneal nerve innervate?
cutaneous distribution to the pes
What are the brnches of the deep peroneal nerve? What do they supply?
- medial dorsal metatarsal n. - dorsal metatarsus
- lateral dorsal metatarsal n. -dorsal metatarsus
What do the medial and lateral dorsal metatarsal nerves become?
medial and lateral dorsal digital nerves
Where can the tinial an deep and superficial peroneal nerves be target? What would blocking them do?
targeted just proximal to the tarsus in order to desensitize the entire distal pelvic limb
What does a high plantar nerve block target and what does it do?
targets the medial and lateral plantar nerves, medial and lateral plantar metatarsal nerves, and the medial and lateral dorsal metatarsal nerves. Targets the nerves just distal to the tarsometatarsal joint and provides complete analgesia to the structures in the metatarsal region and distally
Where can you target the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve and why would you do this?
targeted as it branches from the lateral plantar nerves, just distal to the tarsometatarsal joint.
- used to help diagnose proximal suspensory desmitis
What does the hypogastric n. innervate?
sympathetic innervation to the pelvic cavity
What does the pelvic nerve innervate?
PSNS branches leave sacral spinal nn., supply urogenital organs, rectum, and descending colon
What does the genitofemoral n. innervate?
sensory innervation to genitalia
What does the pudendal n. innervate?
somatic innervation to genital structures, external anal sphincter, sensory to anus, perineum, urinary bladderm and genitalia
What does the caudal rectal nerve innervate?
skeletal muscles of perineum and sensory to rectum, anal canal, and adjacent skin
What are the nerves of the pelvic viscera?
- hypogastric n.
- pelvic n.
- pelvic plexus
- genitofemoral n.
- pudendal n.
- caudal rectal n.
- perineal nn.
- dorsal nerve of the penis
What are the differences between the equine and bovine blood supplies to the uterus?
bovine: umbilical aa. ( from internal iliac), ovarian a., and uterine branch of ovarian a. and uterine branch of umbilical a.
Equine: supplied by uterine branch of ovarian a., uterine branch of external iliac, and vaginal a of internal pudendal a.
What is the bovine blood supply to the penis?
internal pudendal a.
What is the equine blood supply to the penis?
obturator, internal pudendal, and external pudendal aa.
What is the milk vein?
the cranial superficial epigastric a.
