Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

zAnatomy Block II > Urogenital System > Flashcards

Urogenital System Flashcards

1
Q

urinary shares primordia with what other system?

A

reproductive

e.g. urethra urine/semen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 primordia contributors

A

intermediate column of mesoderm aka UR
cloaca aka terminal hindgut
genital swellings
germ cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

intermediate column of mesoderm forms what?

A

gonad/duct system

kidney (nephrons) and part of duct system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cloaca forms what?

A

bladder/portion of urethra

rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

genital swellings form what?

A

external genitalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where is the IM positioned?

A

between lateral plate and paraxial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

urogenital ridges contains two ducts/tubes

A

mesonephric duct aka Wolffian –> empties into cloaca, forms vas deferens and ureters

paramesonephric aka mullerian –> ends blindly behind cloaca, forms uterus/vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cloaca

A

abuts against cloacal membrane (ectoderm)

divides into rectum/bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

genital swellings (form 3)

A 
genital tubercle (penis/clitoris)
labioscrotal folds (labia majora, scrotum)
urogenital folds (labia minora, ventral penis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

germ cells

A

originate in yolk sac and migrate into embryo to developing gonad in urogenital ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

partitioning of cloaca

A

rectum
bladder
urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

development of metanephric kidney

A

ureteric bud –> collecting system (ureter, pelvis, calyces, collecting tubules)
metanephros –> nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

mesonephric duct opens into what?

A

cloaca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

formation of metanephric kidney involves which two primordial?

A 
ureteric bud (via mesonephric duct) forms collecting system
metanephros forms nephrons
  1. ureteric bud grows into metanephric tissue
  2. kidney ascends to adult position
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ureteric bud separates from mesonephric duct and does what?

A

incorporates into bladder wall and becomes ureter (superior/posterior opening)

mesonephric duct opening then becomes vas deferens w/ ductus deferens to open into the first part of urethra (prostatic urethra)

FUSION OF ENDODERM w MESODERM (small portion of bladder made of mesoderm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mesodermal component of bladder located?

A

posterior wall between ureteral openings (TRIGONE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

testes vs. kidney blood supply

A

testes retain original blood supply
kidneys establish new arteries
ductus deferens “loops over” ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gonads form from what?

A

medial urogenital ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

indifferent stage

A

male/female
mesonephric ducts
paramesonephric ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what persists in the male/female?

A

male: mesonephric duct
female: paramesonephric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

variations in kidney ascent

A 
pelvic kidney
horseshoe kidney (abuts INF mesenteric)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ureter variation

A

duplication of the ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

variation of the urorectal septum

A

incomplete growth: bladder/rectum continuous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

renal agenesis is a problem with what?

A

failure of a kidney to develop

problem with uteric bud/metenephros

25
Q

renal artery variations

A

caudal arteries persist and kidney will have multiple renal arteries

26
Q

polar renal arteries can obstruct what?

A

enter either lower or upper pole of kidney

can obstruct the ureter

27
Q

urorectal septum location?

A

between where gut tube empties into cloaca and projection of cloaca into umbilicus (allantois)

28
Q

paramesonephric duct ends blindly where?

A

between bladder and anorectal canal (where uterus/vagina will eventually form)

29
Q

kidneys begin differentiation where?

A

in the pelvis

30
Q

final position of kidneys

A

T11-L2

31
Q

embryonic origin of gonad/duct system?
urethra/vestibule?
external genitalia?

A

urogenital ridges
cloaca
genital swellings

32
Q

cranial end of paramsonephric duct becomes what and opens where?

A

fimbriated end

opens into peritoneal cavity

33
Q

at what time is embryo phenotypically indifferent?

A

5-6 weeks

henceforth, genetics influence development

34
Q

primary sex cords are what?

A

ingrowths of celomic epithelium

germ cells migrate into gonad via these

35
Q

2 stages of gonad development

A

determination of gonadal sex (testes/ovary): GENETIC

determination of genital sex (repo tract/ext genitalia): HORMONAL

36
Q

male determination

A

SRY region on Y chrome:
sex cords –> seminif tubules (sertoli+leydigs)
via germ cells from yolk sac form spermatozoa

37
Q

female determination

A

something about absence of Y
sex cords break down to follicular cells that surround germ cells
germ cells form oogonia

38
Q

testosterone mediates differentiation of what?

A

vas deferens/epididymis

39
Q

DHT mediates differentiation of what?

A

prostate/seminal vesicles/ext genitalia

40
Q

how does uterus form?

A

PMN ducts fuse across midline and form UTERUS, UTERINE tubes, part of VAGINA

41
Q

why do mesonephric ducts regress in F?

A

absence of testosterone

42
Q

why do paraMND differentiate in F?

A

absence of mullerian inhibiting factor

43
Q

vestiges of gubernaculum in F?

A 
ovarian ligament (ovary to uterus)
round ligament (uterus to labia major, passes thru inguinal canal)
44
Q

sinuvaginal bulbs

A

endoderm from urogen sinus/bladder grows inwardly to meet fused paraMNDs, then cavitates to form lower vagina

45
Q

vestibule is what?

A

opening of urethra/vagina, space between labia minora posterior to clitoris

46
Q

in M genital tubercle forms what?

A

shaft of penis

47
Q

in M endoderm from bladder/urethra forms what?

A

penile urethra

48
Q

in M urethra folds do what?

A

fuse across developing ureter at midline

49
Q

labioscrotal folds in M form what?

A

skin of testes

50
Q

completion of urethra forms from what?

A

ingrowth of ectoderm from the tip of the glans

51
Q

hypospadias

A

failure of fusion of urogenital folds

52
Q

PRMNDuct irregularities

A

bicornuate: 2 ducts don’t completely fuse
unicornuate: one duct disappeared
rudimentary: one side developed more than other

53
Q

nephric vesicles form the?

A

nephrons

54
Q

what parts of kidney formed by ureteric bud?

A

collecting tubules, ducts, minor/major calyces, renal pelvis, ureter

55
Q

cells from what grow and form the prostate?

A

endoderm cells from the proximal urethra

56
Q

renal angenesis results due to

A

failure of interaction between ureteric bud and metanephros

57
Q

patent urachus

A

bladder has an opening at the umbilicus

allantois doesn’t obliterate to form the median umbilical ligament

58
Q

double ureters/ectopic urethral orifices

A

URETERIC BUD splits abnormally

abnormal migration of ureter

59
Q

horseshoe kidneys

A

metanephric tissue may fuse across midline during ascent

gets caught under inferior mesenteric artery

zAnatomy Block II (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions