Pelvis

Question 1

posterior edge of pelvis

Answer 1

os coxae

Question 2

3 bones of os coxae

Answer 2

big top part: ilium
low posterior: ischium (sit on)
low anterior: pubis

Question 3

posterior notches

Answer 3

greater/lesser sciatic notch
ischial spine in between
most caudal: ischial tuberosity

Question 4

anterior notch and foramen

Answer 4

pubic symphysis

obturator foramen

Question 5

in females, wider what?

Answer 5

greater sciatic notch
subpubic angle
circular pelvic inlet

Question 6

where do we find pelvic viscera?

Answer 6

infraperitoneal

draping of peritoneum creates pouches infections might drain into

Question 7

name of pouches (M vs. F)

Answer 7

m: rectovesicular
f: vesiculouterine & rectouterine

Question 8

urethra size in M v F

Answer 8

female: short (UTI’s more common)
male: long, thru prostate & penis

Question 9

male urethra parts (4)

Answer 9

1. preprostatic (thru internal sphincter)
2. prostatic (thru prostate)
3. membranous part (passing thru external sphincter)
4. spongy part (thru penis)

Question 10

what contracts during ejaculation?

Answer 10

internal urethral sphincter

so don’t get sperm up in bladder

Question 11

route of sperm

Answer 11

testis (develop)
epididymis (mature/stored)
ductus/VD in spermatic cord via inguinal canal
behind bladder to ejactulatory ducts
urethra: prostatic, membranous, spongy/penile

Question 12

accessory glands contributing to semen

nutrition/transport/protection

Answer 12

2 seminal vesicles (post to bladder)
single prostate (inf to bladder)
2 bulbourethral (communicate to spongy urethra)

Question 13

bulbo glands do what?

Answer 13

clear out any remaining urine

Question 14

benign prostatic hypertrophy

what is compressed?

Answer 14

common in M 55+

extra growth –> compressed prostatic urethra

Question 15

prostate cancer

Answer 15

not overall hypertrophy
instead localized tumor may/may not compress urethra
slow-growing, but if metastasizes spreads FAST
digital rectal exam feels posterior half

Question 16

uterus

Answer 16

body –> cervix –> vagina

Question 17

round ligament of the uterus attaches where?

Answer 17

base of uterus

Question 18

broad ligament

Answer 18

ovary to fallopian tube

Question 19

uterine tubes aka?
attached to ovaries?
what anchors tubes to uterus?

Answer 19

oviducts/fallopian tubes (open into perit)

no, via ovarian ligament

Question 20

borders looking into base of cervix

Answer 20

A/P/lateral vaginal fornices

Question 21

broad ligament components

Answer 21

mesometrium (att to sides of uterus)
mesosalpinx (covers tubes)
mesovarium (covers ovary)

Question 22

suspensory ligament of the ovary

Answer 22

fold in the peritoneum surrounds ovarian artery projects up toward aorta

Question 23

muscular flexures of rectum serve what purpose?

Answer 23

maintain fecal continence

Question 24

sphincters

Answer 24

internal involuntary (symp contracts, PS relaxes)
external voluntary

Question 25

internal iliac artery

Answer 25

aorta --> R/L common iliac --> each goes ext/int iliac

Question 26

arteries to body wall, limbs, perineum (6)

Answer 26

iliolumbar & lateral sacral sup & inf gluteal obturator internal pudendal

Question 27

arteries to pelvic viscera (5)

Answer 27

umbilical sup vesicular inf vesicular (M)/uterine (F) middle/inf rectal

Question 28

bladder blood supply

Answer 28

``` sup vesicular inf vesicular (M) / uterine (F) ```

Question 29

uterus/ovary blood supply

Answer 29

uterine artery via internal iliac | ovary: aorta

Question 30

water under the bridge

Answer 30

ureter travels inferior to blood vessels

Question 31

rectum blood supply (via 3)

Answer 31

superior rectal via inf mesenteric middle rectal via int iliac inferior rectal via int pudendal

Question 32

pectinate line separates? | *can see as a white line

Answer 32

meeting of endoderm/ectoderm no mesoderm in between ``` superior = inf mesenteric, PORTAL venous system, visceromotor/visceral afferents, internal iliac nodes inferior = internal iliac, CAVAL system, somatomotor/general sensory, superficial inguinal nodes ``` also determines internal vs. external hemorrhoids

Question 33

sacral plexus branches from where?

Answer 33

spinal nerves L4/5, S1-S4 sensory, sm, sympathetics to perineum, gluteal region, posterior thigh, leg, foot

Question 34

hypogastric plexuses

Answer 34

superior: just inf to aortic bifurcation | hypogastric nerves continue along rectum and become inferior

Question 35

pelvic plexuses RUVP

Answer 35

rectal, vesicular, prostatic (M), uterovaginal (F)

Question 36

sympathetics to pelvic viscera

Answer 36

lumbar/sacral splanchnics | come off symp chain ganglia

Question 37

lumbar/sacral splanchs go to which plexuses?

Answer 37

superior HP | inferior HP

Question 38

parasympathetic to pelvic viscera | exit via which rami?

Answer 38

``` pelvic splanchnics (S2-4) exit via ventral rami into plexuses ```

Question 39

pelvic nerves to descending colon/sup rectum?

Answer 39

superior HP

Question 40

pelvic nerves to bladder/uterus/inf rectum/erectile tissues?

Answer 40

inferior HP

Question 41

visceral afferents run w (pain vs. reflexes)?

Answer 41

pain --> sympathetics reflexes --> parasympathetics superior to pain line follow sympathetics inferior to pain line follows parasympathetics reflexes follow same path, this only applies to pain sensation onlynhf

Question 42

3 bones comprising pelvic inlet

Answer 42

symphysis iliopectineal lines sacral promontory

Question 43

3 bones comprising pelvic outlet

Answer 43

pubic arch ischial tuberosities coccyx

Question 44

the sacrum is tipped in which direction in females?

Answer 44

more posteriorly

Question 45

watch out for which fibers during a prostatectomy/hysterectomy?

Answer 45

nervi erigentes (erection of clitoris/penis)

Question 46

what happens below the pain line that is contradictory?

Answer 46

pain fibers follow parasympathetics | inferior bladder, urethra, cervix, vagina, inferior sigmoid colon, RECTUM