Perineum Flashcards
pelvic ligaments
sacrospinous (sacrum to ischial spine) sacrotuberous ligaments (sacrum to ischial tuberosity)
pelvic diaphragm
divides floor of pelvis/roof of perineum
levator ani muscles
relaxed during defecation
resists pelvic organ prolapse
helps w fecal continence
coccygeus
covers floor of pelvic diaphragm
no impact on continence
area of weakness in pelvis?
urogenital diaphragm
reinforcement of pelvic diaphragm
muscles meet centrally in central tendon
superficial transverse perineal
episiotomy
incision on midline or mediolaterally to expand
warm compress or massage preferred
perineal triangles
urogenital triangle (anterior: urethra/vagina) anal triangle (posterior: anus) these two create a V shape: urethra/vagina travel anteriorly
find what in anal triangle? fossae?
ext anal sphincter
ischioanal fossae! =fat
fat supports outlets and expands during defecation
3 layers of urogenital diaphragm (anterior to pubic symphysis)
superficial fascia
muscular layer (DeepPerinealSpace)
perineal membrane
where are muscles/glands located relative to the perineal membrane??
DEEP
which glands found in deep perineal space in males?
bulbourethral glands
perineal membrane
does it attach to symphysis?
most inf layer of urog diaphragm
NO
erectile tissue
corpora cavernosa (crus=legs) extend to penis and clitoris corpus spongiosum (vestibular bulbs in F): (M) bulb of urethra, urethra travels thru here F: also have greater vestibular glands in superficial space
what encloses corpora cavernosa and restricts expansion?
tunica albugenia
restricts drainage of blood thru deep dorsal veins
superficial perineal muscles
ischiocavernosus (cover crura)
bulbospongiosus (cover bulbs/spongeosum, anchor to perineal body)
superficial transverse perineal
restrict blood in erection/propulsion of sperm
anatomical position of the penis
OPPOSITE: dorsal is ventral everywhere else
simple route to get to perineum
parasympathetics, venous drainage
parasympathetic innervation
special nerve name
S2-4
nervi erigentes
route: inf HP –> straight to tissue
venous drainage opposite
not-so-simple route
exit pelvis thru greater sciatic foramen
enter peri thru lesser sciatic foramen
travel ant thru pudendal canal
pudendal nerves carry…
S2-4 via not-so-simp route
sensory, sm, sympathetic
symp and sm fibers –> sm and sk muscle contraction in ejac/orgasm
pudendal nerve/artery branches
A/P a/n perineal branches, inf rectal a/n, dorsal a/n of penis, dorsal s/n of clitoris
organization of pelvis/perineum (sup to inf)
peritoneum pelvic organs pelvic diaphragm urogenital diaphragm erectile tissue
erectile tissue is in which space?
superficial space
