Urogenital Disease Flashcards
What are the signs and symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
- low back pain
- low-grade fever
- mental status changes
- nausea
- vomiting
- loss of appetite
What are the risk factors for a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, immobility, reduced fluid intake.
What are the signs and symptoms of bladder cancer?
Hematuria, pain during urination, urinary urgency, and abdominal lump/mass.
What are the risk factors for bladder cancer?
Age > 40, tobacco use, occupational exposure, race, sex (males > females).
What are the signs and symptoms of renal cancer?
Flank pain, blood in the urine, pain during urination, urinary urgency.
What are the risk factors for renal cancer?
Age > 40, smoking, obesity, hypertension, long-term dialysis.
What are the signs and symptoms of prostate cancer?
Back pain, symptoms of metastatic disease, urinary symptoms.
What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?
Age > 65, family history, African-American ethnicity.
What are the signs and symptoms of testicular cancer?
Low back pain, signs of metastasis, may be asymptomatic.
What are the risk factors for testicular cancer?
Family history, HIV infection, prior testicular cancer, age, ethnicity, height.
What are the signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)?
Nocturia, dysuria, weak urine stream, hip/thigh pain, lower abdominal discomfort.
What are the risk factors for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)?
Men over age 50, shifts in cell turnover leading to prostate enlargement.
What are the signs and symptoms of prostatitis?
Sudden fever, chills, malaise, testicular pain, low back pain, sexual dysfunction.
What are the risk factors for prostatitis?
Recent infection, prostate infection, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
What are the signs and symptoms of interstitial cystitis (IC)?
Severe bladder pain, urinary frequency up to 60 times a day.
What are the risk factors for interstitial cystitis (IC)?
Female predominance, no definitive known cause, possibly autoimmune.
What are the signs and symptoms of end-stage renal failure (ESRD)?
Cramping, paresthesias, restless legs, electrolyte imbalances, depression.
What are the risk factors for end-stage renal failure (ESRD)?
Diabetic nephropathy, long-term NSAID use, hypertension, kidney disease.
What are the signs and symptoms of stress incontinence?
Involuntary leakage of urine during activities like coughing, sneezing, laughing.
What are the risk factors for stress incontinence?
Weak pelvic floor muscles, childbirth, obesity, aging.
What are the signs and symptoms of urge incontinence?
Sudden urge to urinate, unable to hold it.
What are the risk factors for urge incontinence?
Bladder infections, medications, neurological diseases, idiopathic.
What are the signs and symptoms of overflow incontinence?
Overdistention of the bladder, difficulty with emptying.
What are the risk factors for overflow incontinence?
Bladder obstruction, neurological conditions.
What are the signs and symptoms of functional incontinence?
Incontinence due to mobility limitations or environmental factors.
What are the risk factors for functional incontinence?
Mobility deficits, neurological disorders, access barriers.
What are the signs and symptoms of pseudorenal pain?
Radiating pain to the lower abdomen, movement-related, no fever or associated symptoms.
What are the risk factors for pseudorenal pain?
History of injury (fall, lifting), T10-T12 radiculitis or costal nerve irritation.
What are the signs and symptoms of obstructive urogenital disorders?
Flank pain, changes in urination, groin pain, abdominal muscle spasms.
What are the risk factors for obstructive urogenital disorders?
Kidney stones, tumors, prostate enlargement, family history of urinary tract issues.
What are the general risk factors for urogenital diseases?
Increasing age (> 60 years), diabetes mellitus, family history of kidney or autoimmune disease, exposure to chemicals.
What is Murphy’s Percussion Test used for?
A physical test to assess for renal pain by striking the back near the kidneys; a positive test indicates kidney inflammation.
What is pseudorenal pain and how can it be differentiated from true renal pain?
Radiating pain to the abdomen, typically movement-related; pseudorenal pain is not associated with urinary symptoms.
What are the signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections in older adults?
Low-grade fever, back pain, mental status changes, loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort.
What are the most common signs of prostate cancer metastasis?
Back pain, pelvic pain, and urinary symptoms. In advanced cases, metastasis to bone and other organs.
What are the four main categories of urogenital disorders?
Inflammatory/Infectious, Obstructive, Failure, Cancer.
What are the signs and symptoms of bladder pain?
Pain associated with urination or a persistent feeling of bladder fullness or urgency.
What is the clinical significance of hematuria?
Presence of blood in the urine, indicating possible kidney stones, infection, or cancer.
What are the general risk factors for bladder cancer?
Age > 40, tobacco use, occupational exposure, recurrent bladder infections.
What is the typical presentation of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)?
Urinary frequency, weak urine stream, lower abdominal discomfort, hip or thigh pain.
