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Urogenital anatomy, upper extremity muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the embryology of the the urogenital/kidney system?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

What is the urachus?

A

Remnant of the median umbilical fold. The embryonic canal connect from allantois (respiration and excretion) to bladder. The vessels give rise to the umbilical cord.

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3
Q

What remains of the obliterated umbilical arteries?

A

The two medial umbilical ligaments

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4
Q

What is the diagnosis is urine comes out of the urachus?

A

Urachal fistula

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5
Q

What is the embryological iteration of the ejaculatory and urinary ducts?

A

Mesonephros

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6
Q

What is the embryological iteration of the kidney?

A

Metanephros

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7
Q

What is the embryological iteration of the uterus and uterine tube?

A

Paramesonephros

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8
Q

What is the blood supply to the testicles/ovaries?

A

Testicular and ovarian AA (respectively) off of the aorta

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9
Q

Where do the R testicular and ovarian veins drain? Where do the L T and O veins drain?

A

R testicular & ovarian veins -> IVC

L testicular & ovarian veins -> Left renal vein

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10
Q

What is the main artery of the penis and where does it come from?

A

Dorsal artery of the penis (comes form internal pudendal artery)

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11
Q

Although the internal iliac is the major branch supplying the bladder, what is the specific branch?

A

Vesicular artery (off of internal iliac)

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12
Q

What is the eponymous name for the rectouterine pouch?

A

Pouch of Douglas

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13
Q

Where is the vesicouterine pouch located?

A

Between bladder & uterus. Let “vesicular” remind you of bladder

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14
Q

Where is the site of fertilization in the uterus?

A

Ampulla

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15
Q

What are the sections of the uterine body form top to bottom?

A

Fundus on top

Internal os (junction of the cervical canal to the uterine body)

External os (opening of cervical canal to vagina)

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16
Q

What are the 4 parts of the fallopian tube from distal to proximal?

A

Infundibulum: has fimbriae, contains abdominal ostium

Ampulla: usual site of fertilization

Isthmus

Interstitial segment (aka uterine part) opens to uterus, contains uterine ostium

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17
Q

What are the 4 ligaments of the ovary?

A

Ovarian ligament
Suspensory ligament
Round ligament (of uterus)
Broad ligament

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the ovarian ligament?

A

Attaches ovary to uterus

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19
Q

What is the purpose of the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

A

Connects ovary to abdominal wall

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20
Q

What is the purpose of the round ligament of the uterus?

A

Attaches uterus to the labia majora (contained within broad ligament)

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21
Q

what is the purpose of the broad ligament?

A

Attaches uterus to abdominal wall

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22
Q

What are the 3 parts of the broad ligament and what do they do?

A
  1. Mesovarium: portion attaching ovary
  2. Mesosalpinx: Portion attaching to fallopian tube
  3. Mesometrium: Attaches to everything else
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23
Q

What are the contents of the broad ligament (4)?

A

Uterine tube (fallopian tube)
Round ligament of uterus
Ovarian ligament
ureter

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24
Q

What is the anterior border of the inguinal canal?

A

External oblique aponeurosis

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25
What is the Posterior border of the inguinal canal?
Fascia transversalis
26
What is the superior border of the inguinal canal?
Internal oblique and transverse abdominus
27
What is the inferior border of the inguinal canal?
Inguinal ligament
28
What is the inguinal ligament a continuation of?
External oblique aponeurosis
29
What are the contents of the inguinal canal?
Ilioinguinal N. Males: Spermatic cord Females: Round ligament
30
What is the superficial inguinal ring?
Opening in the external oblique aponeurosis
31
What is the deep inguinal ring?
Opening in the fascia transversalis (lateral)
32
From what is the cremaster muscle derived and what is its innervation?
From internal oblique muscle, innervated by genitofemoral N.
33
What is Chordee?
When penis points sharply in one direction at the end of the shaft
34
What is the epididymus?
Comma shaped structure for the maturation of sperm
35
Where is the epididymus located?
Posterolateral aspect of testes
36
What does the epididymus give rise to?
Gives rise to the vas deferens that will ascend in spermatic cord and join with the seminal vesicles to form ejaculatory duct that empties into prostatic urethra.
37
What are the two muscles of thermoregulation for the testicles and what are their specific functions?
Cremaster muscle: Elevation fo testes Dartos muscle: Wrinkles scrotum
38
What are the 2 coverings of the testicles and what kind of covering does each provide?
Tunica vaginalis: Serous covering | Tunica albuginea: "white covering"
39
What are the 4 segments of the urethra in males?
1. ) PREprostatic urethra (before it enters prostate) 2. ) Prostatic urethra (as it passes through prostate) 3. ) Membranous urethra (as it passes through the urogenital diaphragm which is in the deep perineal pouch 4. ) Spongy urethra/penile urethra (as it passes into the corpus spongiosum)
40
What muscle is responsible for erection and where does it start?
Corpus spongiosum, crus of the penis
41
Erection and ejaculation are controlled by which aspects of the autonomic nervous system?
Parasympathetic: erection Sympathetic: ejaculation "Point and Shoot"
42
What muscle contains most of the blood during erection?
Corpus cavernosum
43
What is the segmental innervation for all rotator cuff muscles?
C5,C6
44
What nerve supplies the supraspinatus? What is the action of supraspinatus?
Suprascapular N Abduction; at first 30 degrees then again over 90 degrees
45
What is the origin and insertion of the supraspinatus?
Origin: Superior scapula Insertion: Superior facet of greater tuberosity of humerus
46
What nerve supplies the infraspinatus muscle, and what is the muscle action?
Suprascapular N. External rotation (primary)
47
What is the origin and insertion of the infraspinatus muscle?
Origin: Inferior scapula Insertion: Middle facet of greater tuberosity
48
What is the nerve supply of the teres minor and what is the muscle action?
Axillary N. ``` Abduction (primary) External rotation (secondary) ```
49
What is the origin and insertion of the teres minor?
Origin: Lateral border of scapula Insertion: Inferior facet of greater tuberosity
50
What is the nerve supply of the subscapularis, and what is the muscle action?
Upper and lower subscapular N. Internal rotation (primary)
51
What is the origin and insertion of the subscapularis?
Origin: Anterior scapula Insertion: Lesser tuberosity
52
What is the nerve supply to the latissimus dorsi and what is the muscle's action?
Thoracodorsal N. (C6,C7,C8) Extend, adducted, medially rotate humerus at shoulder
53
What is the origin and insertion for the latissimus dorsi?
Origin: Iliac crest, inferior 4 ribs, spinouses T6 to Sa Insertion: Floor of intertubercular groove
54
What is the nerve supply to the serratus anterior and what is the muscle action?
Long Thoracic N. (C5,C6,C7) Protracts and abducts scapula
55
What is the origin and insertion of the serratus anterior?
Origin: External surface of 1st 8-9 ribs Insertion: Anterior and medial surface of vertebral border of scapula
56
What is the only difference between the rhomboid major and minor?
Origin Rhomboid Minor: Spinouses C7-T1 Rhomboid Major: Spinouses T2-T5
57
What is the nerve supply to the rhomboids and what is their action?
Dorsal scapular N. C5,C6 Adducts and retracts scapula
58
What is the insertion for the rhomboids?
Medial border of scapula
59
What is the nerve supply of the deltoid and what is the muscle action?
Axillary N. C5,C6 Abducts, adducts, flex, extends, rotates arm medially
60
What is the origin and insertion of the deltoid?
Origin: Around AC joint Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
61
What is the nerve supply to the levator scapulae and what is the muscle action?
Dorsal scapular N. C5,C6 Elevates scapula
62
What is the origin and insertion of the levator scapulae?
TP's of C1-C4
63
What is the nerve supply of the trapezius and what is the muscle action?
CN XI, C3,C4 Elevate, depress, retract scapula
64
What is the origin and insertion of the trapezius?
Origin: Medial superior nuchal line, EOP, ligamentum nuchae, SP's of C7-T12 Insertion: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
65
What is the nerve supply of the subclavius and what is the muscle action?
Subclavian N. C5,C6 Depresses clavicle
66
What is the origin and insertion of the subclavius?
Origin: First rib Insertion: Groove for subclavius muscle on clavicle
67
What is the nerve supply of the Pec major and what is the muscle action?
Medial (C8-T1) and lateral (C5,C6,C7) pectoral NN. Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates humerus at shoudler
68
What is the origin of the pec major?
Origin: Clavicular head - anterior surface med 1/3 of clavicle Sternal head: Manubrium and body of sternum Abdominal head: Costal cartilages of ribs 2-6
69
What is the insertion of the pec major?
Lateral lip of intertubercular groove
70
What is the nerve supply of the pec minor and what is the action?
Medially pectoral N. Depresses shoulder
71
What is the origin and insertion of the pec minor?
Origin: Ribs 3-5 Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula
72
What nerve supplies the teres major?
Lower subscapular N.
73
What are the borders of the triangular space in the shoulder?
Sup: Teres minor Inf: Teres major Later: Long head of triceps
74
What does the triangular space contain?
Circumflex scapular A.
75
What are the borders of the quadrangular space in the shouder?
Sup: Teres minor Inf: Teres major Med: Long head of triceps Later: Humerus
76
What are the contents of the quadrangular space?
Axillary nerve | Posterior humeral circumflex A.
77
What are the borders of the triangular interval?
Sup: Teres major Med: Long head of triceps Lat: Medial head of triceps
78
What are the contents of the triangular interval?
Radial N. (spiral groove) | Profunda brachii A.
79
What muscles are the agonists to the serratus anterior?
Rhomboids
80
What is the nerve supply to the biceps brachii and what is the muscle action?
Musculocutaneous N. C5-C7. Flexion Supination
81
What is the origin and insertion of the biceps brachii?
Origin: Long head - supraglenoid tubercle Origin: Short head - coracoid process of scapula Insertion: Radial tuberosity
82
What is the nerve supply to the coracobrachialis and what is the muscle action?
Musculocutaneous N. C5-57 Adduction, flexion of the shoulder
83
What is the origin and insertion of the coracobrachialis?
Origin: Coracoid process (scapula) Insertion: Humerus
84
What is the nerve supply to the brachialis and what is the muscle action?
Musculocutaneous N. C5-C7 Flexion of forearm
85
What is the origin and insertion of the brachialis?
Origin: Humerus (lower anterior surface) Insertion: Coronoid/ulnar tuberosity
86
What is the nerve supply to the triceps and what is the muscle action?
Radial N. C5-T1 Extend elbow
87
What is the origin and insertion of the triceps brachii?
Origin: Long head - Infraglenoid tubercle Origin: Later head - post/lat aspect of humerus, above radial groove Origin: Medial head - Post/med aspect of humerus, below radial groove Insertion: Olecranon of Ulna
88
What are the borders of the axilla?
Ant: Pectoralis major Post: Teres major & latissimus dorsi Lat: Humerus (floor of intertubercular groove) Med: Serratus anterior
89
What does the transverse scapular ligament transform the scapular notch into?
The scapular foramen
90
Where are the suprascapular artery and nerve relative to the ligament?
Suprascapular A above ligament "A for above" Suprascapular N. Below ligament
91
T/F Long head of biceps brachii is extracapsular and extrasynovial?
False Intracapsular, extrasynovial
92
Where is the intertubercular groove located and what does it contain?
On anterior humerus for tendon of long head of biceps (sits in groove). Contains attachments for 3 muscles: Medial lip attachment: teres major Lateral lip attachment: pec major Floor: Lat
93
What are the 5 borders of the cubital fossa?
``` Floor: Brachialis and supinator Roof: Bicipital aponeurosis Lateral: Brachioradialis Medial: Pronator teres Superior: Imaginary line between medial & lateral epicondyles of humerus ```
94
What are the contents of the cubital fossa M-L
Nerve: Median Artery: Brachial A Tendon: Biceps Nerve: Radial
95
What is Petit's triangle and what are its borders?
Surgical landmark; Medial: Lat Inferior: Iliac crest Lateral: External oblique
96
If a patient has flaring of the scapulae, what muscle and nerve are implicated?
Rhomboids, dorsal scapular N.
97
What is the nerve supply to the pronator teres and what is the muscle action?
Median N. C5-T1 Pronation of forearm
98
What is the origin and insertion of the pronator teres?
Origin: Medial epicondyle/humerus, coronoid process of ulna Insertion: Middle of lateral surface of radius
99
What is the nerve supply and action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Ulnar N. C8-T1 Flex & adduct hand at carpus, flexes forearm
100
What is the origin and insertion of the flexor carpii ulnaris?
Origin: Humeral head - medial epicondyle of humerus Origin: Ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna Insertion: Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th MCP
101
What is the nerve supply and action of the palmaris longus?
Median N. C5-T1 Flex & adduct hand at carpus, flexes forearm
102
What is the origin and insertion of the palmaris longus?
Origin: Medial epicondyle/humerus Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis
103
What is the nerve supply and action of the flexor carpi radialis?
Median N. C5-T1 Flex and abduct hand, flexes forearm
104
What is the origin and insertion of the flexor carpi radialis?
Origin: Medial epicondyle/humerus Insertion: Base of 2nd and 3rd MCP
105
What is the nerve supply and action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Median N. C5-T1 Flexes PIP's, hand, and forearm
106
What is the origin and insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Origin: Humeroulnar head - medial epicondyle, coronoid process of ulna, ulnar collateral ligament Insertion: Palmar aspect of the middle phalanx of digits 2-5
107
What is the nerve supply and action of the flexor pollicis longus?
Anterior interossous N. Flexes IP of thumb
108
What is the origin and insertion of the flexor pollicis longus?
Origin: Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb
109
What is the nerve supply and action of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Median & Ulnar NN. Flexes DIP's and hand
110
What is the origin and insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Origin: Proximal anterior ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion: DIPs 2-5
111
What is the nerve supply and action of the pronator quadratus?
Anterior interosseous N. Pronation of forearm
112
What is the origin and insertion of the pronator quadratus?
Origin: Distal aspect of anterior ulna Insertion: Distal aspect of anterior radius
113
How many tendons go through the carpal tunnel and what are they?
9 total 4 flex. digit. proundus. 4 flex digit superficialis 1 flex pol. longus
114
What muscles represent the superficial layer of the anterior forearm (4)?
Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmarus longus Flexor carpi ulnaris
115
What muscle represents the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
116
What muscles represent the deep layer of the anterior forearm (3)?
Flexor pollicus longus Flexor digitorum profundus Pronator quadratus
117
Where is the site of the radial pulse relative to the flexor carpi radialis tendon?
Lateral
118
The anterior interosseous N supplies which 2 muscles?
Flexor pollicis longus | Pronator quadratus
119
What is the nerve supply and action of the supinator?
Radial N. C5-T1 Supinates forearm
120
What is the origin and insertion of the supinator?
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, lateral collateral ligament of elbow, annular ligament, proximal posterior and lateral ulna Insertion: Proximal 1/3 radius
121
What is the nerve supply and action of the anconeus?
Radial N. C5-T1 Extends elbow and abducts ulna during pronation
122
What muscle is responsible for the recoil in toggle technique?
Anconeus
123
What is the origin and insertion of the anconeus?
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Olecranon of ulna
124
What is the nerve supply and action of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Radial C5-T1 Extends and abducts hand
125
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Origin: Lateral supercondylar ridge/humerus Insertion: Posterior aspect of base of 2nd MCP
126
What is the nerve supply and action of the extonsor carpi radialis brevis?
Radial C5-T1 Extends fingers and abducts hand
127
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Posterior aspect base of 3rd MCP
128
What is the nerve supply and action of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Radial C5-T1 Extend and adduct hand
129
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and olecranon Insertion: Lateral aspect of base of 5th MCP
130
What is the nerve supply and action of the extensor digitorum communis?
Radial C5-T1 Extend and adduct hand
131
What is the nerve supply and action of the extensor digiti minimi?
Radial N C5-T1 Extend 5th digit
132
What is the origin and insertion of extensor digiti minimi?
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Base of middle and distal phalanges of 5th digit
133
What is the nerve supply and action of the extensor indicus?
Radial Extends index finger
134
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor indicus?
Origin: Ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion: Joins tendon of extensor digitorum to index finger
135
What is the nerve supply and action of the extensor pollicis longus?
Rdial Extends distal phalanx of thumb. Abducts hand
136
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor pollicis longus?
Origin: Posterior midshaft of ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb
137
What is the nerve supply and action of the extensor pollicis brevis?
Radial Extends proximal phalanx of thumb, abducts hand
138
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis?
Origin: Posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
139
What is the nerve supply and action of the abductor pollicis longus?
Radial Abducts thumb and hand
140
What is the origin and insertion of the abductor pollicis longus?
Origin: Posterior surface of radius and ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of 1st MCP
141
What is the nerve supply and action of the brachioradialis?
Radial Flexes elbow
142
What is the origin and insertion of the brachioradialis?
Origin: Lateral supracondylar crest of humerus Insertion: Distal radius, proximal to styloid process
143
What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox?
Floor: Scaphoid Lateral: 2 tendons; abductor pollicus longus (most lateral), extensor pollicis brevis Medial: Ext. pollicus longus
144
What are the contents of the anatomical snuffbox?
Radial A. site or radial pulse`

Boards: Gross (5 decks)

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