Lower extremity anatomy, head/upper extremity osteology Flashcards
1
Q
What is the nerve supply for the TFL, glut medius and glut minumus?
A
Superior gluteal
2
Q
What is the nerve supply and action of the gluteus maximus?
A
Inferior gluteal N.
Extend thigh
Abduct thigh
Lateral rotation of thigh
3
Q
What is the origin and insertion of the gluteus maximus?
A
Origin: Posterior gluteal line, ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur, fascia lata, IT band
4
Q
What is the action of the TFL?
A
Abduction of hip, stabalizes ITB during gait
5
Q
What is the origin and insertion of the TFL?
A
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: Iliotibial tract (IT band) on lateral condyle of tibia
6
Q
What is the action of the gluteus medius?
A
Abduct thigh
Medial rotation of thigh
7
Q
What is the origin and insertion of the gluteus medius?
A
Origin: Anterior gluteal line of ilium
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur
8
Q
What is the action of the gluteus minimus?
A
Abduction of thigh, medial rotation of thigh
9
Q
What is the origin and insertion of the gluteus minimus?
A
Origin: Inferior gluteal line of ilium
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur
10
Q
What is the nerve supply and action of the iliacus?
A
Femoral (L2-L4)
Flex thigh, lateral rotation of femur
11
Q
What is the origin and insertion of the iliacus?
A
Origin: Iliac fossa
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
12
Q
What is the nerve supply and insertion of the quadricep muscles?
A
Femoral (L2-L4)
Insertion: Patella & tibial tube
Rectus femoris crosses 2 joints
13
Q
What is the origin of the rectus femoris?
A
AIIS
14
Q
What is the origin of the vastus lateralis?
A
Linea aspera & intertrochanteric line
15
Q
What is the origin of the vastus intermedius?
A
Upper shaft of femur
16
Q
What is the origin of the vastus medialis?
A
Linea aspera & intertrochanteric line
17
Q
What is the nerve supply and action of the sartorius?
A
Femoral (L2-L4)
Flex leg
flex thigh
Lat. rotate thigh
18
Q
What is the origin and insertion of the sartorius?
A
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: Upper media side of tibia
19
Q
What is the nerve supply and action of the adductor brevis and adductor longus?
A
Obturator
Adducts thigh
Flexes thigh
20
Q
What is the origin and insertion of the adductor brevis and adductor longus?
A
Origin: Pubis
Insertion: Femur (linea aspera)
21
Q
What is the nerve supply and action of the adductor magnus?
A
Obturator: adductor portion
Tibial division of sciatic: hamstring portion
Adducts thigh
Flexes thigh
22
Q
What is the nerve supply and action of the gracilis muscle?
A
Obturator
Adducts thigh
Flexes thigh
Flexes leg
23
Q
What is the origin and insertion of the gracilis muscle?
A
Origin: Pubic symph
Insertion: Tibia
24
Q
What is the nerve supply and action of the pectinius?
A
Obturator and femoral
Adducts thigh
Flexes thigh
25
What is the origin and insertion of the pectineus?
Origin: Pubic crest
Insertion: Pectineal line of femur
26
What is the nerve supply and action of psoas major?
Spinal nerves L2 & L3
Flexes and rotates thing laterally
27
What is the origin and insertion of psoas major?
Origin: Discs & TPs all lumbars & T12
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
28
What is the nerve supply and action of the biceps femoris - Long head?
Tibial division of the sciatic
Flex leg
Lat rot of leg
Ext of thigh
29
What is the origin and insertion of the biceps femoris - long head?
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Head of fibula
30
What is the nerve supply and action of biceps femoris - short head?
Common penorneal division of sciatic
Same action as lateral head
31
What is the origin and insertion of the biceps femoris - short head?
Origin: Linea aspera
Insertion: Head of fibula
32
What is the nerve supply and action of the semimembranosus?
Tibial division of sciatic
Flex leg
Med rot of leg
ext of thigh
33
What is the origin and insertion of the semimembranosis?
Origin: Ichial tub
Insertion: Med condyle of tibia
34
What is the nerve supply and action of the semitendinosis?
Tibial division of sciatic
Flex leg
med rot of leg
ext of thigh
35
What is the origin and insertion of the semitendinosis?
Origin: Ischial tub
Insertion: Tibia (medial surface upper part)
36
What is the continuation of the gluteal tuberosity called?
Lateral lip of linea aspera
37
What is the continuation of the intertrochanteric line?
Medial lip of linea aspera
38
what transforms the sciatic notches into foramenae?
The sacrospinous ligaments
39
What is the pes ansirinus?
SGT 'sargeant' Ansirinus
Sartorius
Gracilis
Semintendinosus
40
What is the mnemonic for the contents of the greater sciatic formamen?
SNNIPPS
Superior gluteal nerve (and artery)
Nerve to obturator internus (also innervates superior gemellus)
Nerve to quadratus femoris (also inntervates inferior gemellus)
Inferior gluteal nerve
Pudendal nerve
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Sciatic nerve
41
What is the mnemonic for the lesser sciatic foramen contents?
PIANO
Pudendal nerve
Internal pudendal artery
Nerve to obturator internus
Obturator internus
42
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
Lateral: Sartorius
Medial: Adductor longus
Superior: Inguinal ligament
43
What are the contents of the femoral triangle?
M -> L (VAN)
Femoral Vein
Femoral Artery
Femoral Nerve
44
What are the contents of the femoral sheath?
Femoral V. and femoral A. The femoral nerve is outside the sheath
45
What gives rise to the saphenous N.?
Femoral N.
46
What are the borders of the adductor canal?
Lateral: Vastus medialis
Posteromedial: Adductor longus & magnus
Anterior: Sartorius
47
What are the contents of the adductor canal?
Femoral vein, femoral artery, and saphenous nerve
48
Which foramen does the nerve to the obturator internus go through
Both greater and lesser sciatic foramenae
49
What muscle is associated specifically with the greater sciatic foramen and the lesser sciatic foramen?
Greater: Piriformis
Lesser: Obterator internus
50
What is the nerve supply and actin of the extensor digitorum longus muscle?
Deep peroneal N.
Ext of 4 lat toes
Dorsiflex foot
51
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor digitorum longus?
Origin: Lateral condyle/tibia & fibula
Insertion: 4 lateral toes
52
What is the nerve supply and action of the extensor hallicus longus?
Deep peroneal N.
Ext big toes
Dorsiflex foot
Inversion of foot
53
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor hallicus longus?
Origin: Lateral tibia & interosseous membrane
Insertion: Distal phalanx of big toe
54
What is the nerve supply and action of the tibialis anterior?
Deep peroneal N.
Dorsiflex foot
Inversion of foot
55
What is the origin and insertion of the tibialis anterior?
Origin: Tibia and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Medial cuneiform & 1st MTP
56
What is the nerve supply of the peroneous tertius and action?
Deep peroneal N.
Dorsiflex foot
Evert foot
57
What is the origin and insertion of the peroneus tertius?
Origin: Fibula & interosseous membrane
Insertion: Styloid of 5th MTP
58
What is the nerve supply and action of the peroneus brevis?
Superficial peroneal N.
Eversion
Plantar flexion
59
What is the origin and insertion of the peroneus brevis?
Origin: Fibula
Insertion: Styloid of 5th MTP
60
What is the nerve supply and action of the Peroneus longus?
Superficial peroneal N.
Eversion
Plantar flx
61
What is the origin and insertion of the peroneus longus?
Origin: Fibula and lat condyle of tibia
Insertion: Med cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
62
What is the nerve supply and action of the gastrocnemius?
Tibial N.
```
Plantar flx
Flex leg (knee)
```
63
What is the origin and insertion of the gastrocnemius?
Origin: Medial and lateral condyles of tibia
Insertion: Calcaneus
64
What is the nerve supply and action of the plantaris?
Tibial N.
```
Plantar flex foot
Flex leg (knee)
```
65
What is the origin and insertion of the plantaris?
Origin: Femur
Insertion: Calcaneus
66
What is the nerve supply and action of the soleus?
Tibial N.
Plantar flexion
67
What is the origin and insertion of the foot?
Origin: Tibia (soleal line) 7 fibula
Insertion: Calcaneus
68
What is the nerve supply and action of the flexor digitorum longus?
Tibial N.
Flex 4 lateral toes
Plantar flexion
69
What is the origin and insertion of the flexor digitorum longus?
Origin: Tibia
Insertion: DIPs 2-5
70
What is the nerve supply and action of the flexor hallicus longus?
Tibial N.
Flex big toe (distal phalanx)
71
What is the origin and insertion of the flexor hallicus longus?
Origin: Fibula
Insertion: Distal phalanx of great toe
72
What is the nerve supply and action of the Popliteus (this one will be on boards)
Tibial N.
Flex leg
Medial rotation of leg
73
What is the origin and insertion of the popliteus?
Origin: Lat femoral condyle
Insertion: Posterior tibia
74
What is the nerve supply and action of the tibialis posterior?
Tibial N.
Plantar flexion
Inversion foot
75
What is the origin and insertion of the tibialis posterior?
Origin: Tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
Insertion: Navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, 2-4th metatarsals
76
What does the popliteus do for the knee joint?
Unlocks the knee joint (part of "screw home" mechanism)
77
What is the triceps surae?
Gastrocs + soleus
78
What is the nerve supply and action of the 4 dorsal interossei? "DAB"
Lateral plantar N.
Abduction
Dorsal interossei ABduct
79
What is the nerve supply and action of the 3 plantar interossei? "PAD"
Lateral plantar N.
Plantar interossei ADduct
80
What is the nerve supply and action of the 4 lumbricals?
1st lumbrical: Medial plantar N.
2-4 lumbrical: Lateral plantar N.
Flex of MTP but ext of PIP and DIP at same time
81
What 4 muscles are innervated by the medial plantar nerve?
1st lumbrical
Abductor hallicus
flexor hallicus brevis
Flexor digitorum brevis
82
What is the epiphyseal plate?
Cartilage between end and shaft of bone
83
What is the epiphysis?
End of long bones
84
What is the metaphysis?
Between epiphysis and diaphysis (vascular growth zone)
85
What is the diaphysis?
Shaft of long bone
86
What is the endosteum?
Source of new osteoblasts of new bone formation if remodeling is needed
87
What is the haversion system?
Canal and lamellae concentrically arranged. Basic structural unit of compact bone
88
What are lacunae?
Small spaces/cavities around cells = "lacuna of howship". Constains osteoclasts
89
What is an osteoblast?
Bone cell derived from mesencyme
90
What is an osteoclast?
Multinucleated cell that breaks down bone
91
What is an osteoid?
Made by osteoblasts to make new bone. Organic component of bone matrix. Deposits hyroxyapetite to form bone.
92
What is the Volkmann's canal?
Transverse canal in bone. Contains nutrient artery
93
What are the 6 tubercles you should know for boards?
Adductor tubercle (on distal/medial femur for adductor magnus)
Quadrate tubercle in femur for quadratus femorus
Lister's tubercle on distal radius
Greater & lesser tubercles on humerus
Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
94
What are the 3 locations of articular discs?
Ulnar-carpal articulation
TMJ
Sternoclavicular joint
95
What is the the asterion?
The meeting of the lambdoidal, occipitomastoid, and parietomastoid sutres
96
What is the pterion?
The meeting of the great wing of the sphenoid meeting the parietal bone
97
What is the inion?
The internaloccipital protuberance
98
What is the bregma?
The junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures
99
Where is the anterior fontanelle?
The largest. Located at the bregma
100
Where is the posterior fontanelle?
Located at the lambda
101
Where is the lateral fontanelle?
Located at the pterion
102
Where is the mastoid located?
At the asterion
103
How many teeth do adults have and what are the 8 quadrants?
28; 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars
104
How many teeth do children have and what are the 5 quadrants?
20; "deciduous" teeth: 2 incisors, 1 canin, 2 molars
105
What embryological level does the enamel come from?
Surface ectoderm
106
What embryological level do the teeth come from?
Head mesoderm
107
What bacterium causes dental carries?
Strep mutans
108
What joint classification is the shoulder joint?
Multiaxial, ball and socket synovial joint
109
What joint has more freedom than anywhere in the body?
Shoulder joint (aka humeroscapular joint)
110
What ligament strengthens the front of the joint capsule in the GH joint?
The Glenohumeral ligament
111
What ligament passes from the lesser to the greater tubercle of the humerus, converting the intertubercular groove into a tunnel for the long head of the biceps?
Transverse humeral ligament
112
What ligament strengthens the superior part of the capsule (GH joint)?
Coracohumeral ligament
113
What is the fibrocartilaginous rim around the margin of the glenoid fossa?
Glenoid labrum
114
What is the anatomical neck of the humerus?
The neck closest to the joint, separating humeral head from the tubercles
115
What muscle attaches at the lesser tuberosity of the humerus?
Subscapularis
116
What sits in the intertubercular (bicipital) groove?
Tendon for the long head of the biceps
117
What is the surgical neck of the humerus?
Distal to the anatomical neck, most often fractured
118
What is the olecranon fossa and where is it located?
Above the posterior aspect of the trochlea, it receives the olecranon process of the ulna when the elbow is in extension.
119
What is the trochlea?
Medial articulating surface which articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna (anterior)
120
What part of the humerus articulates with the radius?
Capitulum (anterior). "Put a cap on the radius"
121
What attaches to the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle?
Trapezius
122
What are it's functions biomechanically?
Transmits forces from the arm, connects axial and appendicular skeleton at SC joint.
123
The trapezoid line and conoid tubercle are structures located on what bone?
Clavicle
124
What two bands make up the coracoclavicular ligament and which one is more medial?
The conoid and trapezoid. Conoid more medial
125
Where is the root of spine of scapula located?
T3
126
What groove of the humerus contains the radial nerve?
Spiral groove
127
What 2 places can ulnar nerve entrapment occur at?
Cubital tunnel (proximal ulna) or tunnel of Guyon (pisiform/hamate).
128
What causes claw hand deformity?
Ulnar nerve palsy (sometimes)
129
Although the radial head articulates with the capitulum of the humerus, the circumference of the radial head articulates with what to form what?
The radial notch of the ulna to form the superior radioulnar joint
130
Which one has a styloid process, the radius or the ulna?
Both (at distal ends)
131
What is the order of the proximal row of carpals (L-M)?
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform
132
What is the order of the distal row of carpals (L-M)?
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
133
In RA, what manifests at the MCPs?
Haygarth's nodes
134
In RA, what manifests at the PIPs?
Bouchards nodes (OA as well)
135
In RA, what mafinests at the DIPs
Nothing;
Heberden's nodes in OA
136
What is the most fractured carpal bone?
Scaphoid
137
What is the most dislocated carpal bone?
Lunate
138
What carpal bones articulate with the ulna?
None, only with radius;
Scaphoid and lunate articulate with radius
139
What anatomical structure does the scaphoid form?
Forms the floor of the anatomical snuff box
