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Equine Med > Urogenital > Flashcards

Urogenital Flashcards

1
Q

Reasons for castration

A
  • preven breeding
  • beh mod
  • hereditary conditions
  • testicular tumor
  • infection
  • torsion
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2
Q

Standing castration sedatino

A

Xylazine/detomidine + butorphanol + local anesth (intra-testicular or sub Q

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3
Q

Open tech

A

incision skin and vaginal tunic –> emasculatume cord –> also emasculatome/take out tunic –> close skin

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4
Q

When to use open tech

A
  • young

- breeds not predisposed to herniation

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5
Q

Closed tech

A
  • cut skin –> emasculatome –> close skin
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6
Q

When to use closed

Cons of closed

A
  • small testes chord

- less good hemostasis

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7
Q

Modified closed tech

A
  • cut skin –> open tunic to suture cord –> emasculatome off with tunic?
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8
Q

Acute complications

A
  • hemorrhage

- herniation/evisceration

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9
Q

Hemorrhage compliation tx

A
  • open –> ligate vessel

- if can’t find, pack and close for 24h

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10
Q

Omentum herniation complication

  • dx
  • tx
A
  • rectal palp
  • if small amount, can pull out more to healthy tissue –> emasculatome off –> put back in
  • large amount: sx
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11
Q

Evisceration complication

  • dx
  • tx
A
  • rectal palp may feel intestines coming

- Gen Anesth –> reduce –> abx, NSAID –> refer

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12
Q

Delayed complications of castration

A
  • excessive swelling

- infected/scirrhous cord

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13
Q

Swelling complication

  • cause
  • tx
A
  • lack of drainage

- abx, drainage, warm hydrotherapy, exercise

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14
Q

Infected/scirrhous cord

  • cause
  • tx
A
  • 2nd to hematoma, lack of drainage, bac infection (Staph, Strep)
  • re-open wound –> drain –> abx, NSAID
  • may have abd abscess or peritonitis (rare)
  • if not improvement, sx
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15
Q

Cryptorchidism location

A
  • R > L
  • R more freq inguinal
  • L more abd
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16
Q

Crypto dx

A
  • external palp
  • rectal palp
  • US
  • hormone assay (serum testoserone or estrogen)
17
Q

Crypto sx approaches

A
  • inguinal laparotomy

- laparoscopy

18
Q

Diff btw indirect vs direct scrotal/inguinal hernia

A
  • direct = intestines subQ in

- indirect = intestine goes into vaginal tunic with testicle

19
Q

Scrotal/inguinal hernia foal

  • cause
  • signs
  • tx
A
  • congenital +/- hereditary
  • swelling of scrotum, non-painful
  • not emergency, try to push back in and let ring close –> sx if fail
20
Q

Scrotal/inguinal hernia adults

  • 2 possibilities and signs
  • dx
  • tx
A
  • acute strangulation: acute colic, swelling in area
  • intermitten non-strangulating: hindlimb lameness, swelling in area
  • signs, palpation (scrotal and rectal)**, US
  • sx: reduce –> close ext inguinal ring, castrate
21
Q

Penis/prepuce trauma tx

A

cold pack, pressure wrap, support against body wall, NSAID, abx

22
Q

Paraphimosis

  • what
  • tx
A
  • inability to retract prolpased penis
  • support, message, NSAID
  • sx: remove scar tissue
23
Q

Phimosis

  • what
  • cause
A
  • inability to protrude penis from prepuce

- sedative, congenital, neoplasia, scar tissue

24
Q

Priapism

  • what
  • causes
  • tx
A
  • persistent erection without sexual excitement
  • sedatives, gen anesth, neoplasia –> anything changing CCP inflow/outflow
  • medical: benztropine, CCP irrigation
  • sx: partial phailectomy
25
Q

Neoplasia on prepuce and penis

  • type
  • dx
  • tx:
A
  • SSC, sarcoids
  • biopsy
  • medical or sx (segmental posthectom=reefing, parital phallectomy,)
26
Q

Chronic granulomas on penis and prepuce - one cause

A

Habronema megastoma

27
Q

Uroperitoneum

  • what
  • who
  • cause
  • signs
  • BW
  • dx
  • tx
A
  • urine in abd
  • newborn foals
  • ruptured bladder (birthing for foal), abscess, urinary obstruction
  • signs in foals: depressed, stranguria, abd distension
  • signs adult: peritonitis signs
  • incr PCV/TP, stress leukogram, incr creatinine, hypoNa, hypoCl, hyperK
  • xray, methylene blue dye, peritoneal tap (creatinine 2x blood)
  • med tx: fluids (+/- bicarb), abd drain, dextrose, +/-inslin
  • sx once stable
28
Q

Patent urachus

  • urachus normal role
  • cause
  • sign
  • tx –> for?
  • sx
  • prognosis
A
  • collects urinary wates and empty to allantoic sac at apex of bladder
  • congenital, umbilical infection, straining, speticemia
  • swelling, urine through umbilicus
  • med tx for no systemic signs and no infection: cauterize, procaine penicillin
  • sx if systemic signs, infection, if conservative fails: resect umbilical cord and close bladder
  • good-fair
29
Q

C-section

  • indications
  • approach
  • post-op care
A
  • non-correctable malposition (e.g. transverse pres), foal too large, deformities of foal or pelvis
  • midline celiotomy
  • oxytocin (retained placenta), abx, NSAID
30
Q

Uterine torsion

  • signs
  • dx
  • tx
  • post-op care
A
  • 8-10m pregnant, low grade abd pain, vitals normal or elev
  • rectal palp: broad lig taut
  • standing flank laparotomy*, midline celiotomy, roll
  • abx, NSAID, IV fluids
31
Q

Ovariectomy

  • indication
  • sx approaches
A
  • tumor, abscess, hematoma, elective

- copotomy, flank/ventral lap, laparoscope

32
Q

Most common ovarian tumor

  • hormone it produces
  • signs
  • malignancy
  • who
A
  • Granulosa cell tumor
  • testosteron* > estrogen
  • stallion like beh, abd estrous cycle
  • benign
  • all ages
33
Q

Pneumovagina

  • patho
  • cause
  • sequelae
  • tx
A
  • cd repro track fails to form proper seal –> air aspiration –> contamination of repro tract
  • foaling, breeding, poor conformation
  • decrease fertility
  • caslick’s sx –> reopen for foaling
34
Q

Perineal laceration

  • cause
  • classification
  • tx
A
  • trauma, foaling
  • 1=mucosa, 2=mucosa + subQ +/-m., 3=all layers
  • rectovaginal fistula=3 but most cd part fine
  • 1 and 2: Caslick’s
  • 3 need 2 stage proceedure: reconstruct vagina ceiling+rectal floor –> resconstruct perineal body
  • RV fistula: convert to 3

Equine Med (8 decks)

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