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Equine Med > Ophtho > Flashcards

Ophtho Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 things about fundis of horse

A
  1. Arteries small
  2. Optic disc round
  3. Stars of Winslow
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2
Q

What are stars of Winslow

A

End on capillaries in tapetum

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3
Q

Which 2 nerves can be blocked in ocular exam and what are their landmarks?

A
  1. auriculopalpebral: along zygomatic arch

2. Frontal block: put fingers on either side of orbital ring

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4
Q

What is special about neonate foal’s eyes?

A
  1. pupil is round at 3-5do
  2. absent menance until 2wko
  3. reduced PLR
  4. strabismus in <4wko
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5
Q

Microphthalmia

A
  • congenital
  • mod-mild = blind
  • check for other abn
  • entropion –> correct
  • enucleate if blind
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6
Q

Subconjuncitval hemorrhage tx

- who

A
  • neonate
  • often on superior nasal bulbar conj
  • selft resolve (~14d)
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7
Q

Entropion

  • when occur?
  • sequalae?
  • tx?
A
  • often premature, sick, dehydrated foals
  • seq = corneal ulcers
  • tx: temp tacking sutures
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8
Q

Atresia of nasolacrimal system

  • who
  • dx?
  • tx?
A
  • neonate
  • contrast imagine (CT, MRI)
  • sx correction w/ catheter
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9
Q

Persistant pupillary membranes

  • who
  • what?
  • where?
  • seq
A
  • neonate
  • embryological iris tissue that didn’t dissolve
  • iris-iris
  • iris-cornea: leukoma or corneal scar
  • iris-lens: anterior capsular cataract
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10
Q

Cataracts (neonates)

  • 3 places and their progression?
  • tx?
A
  • nuclear: static
  • capsular: static
  • cortical: can grow
  • pre-tx: ERG, ocular US
  • sx to fix
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11
Q

Most common anomaly in neonate/foals

A

Cataracts

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12
Q

Retinal hemorrhages (neonates)

  • fundic exam appearance?
  • tx?
A
  • mf punctate in tapetum

- resolve in 7d on own

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13
Q

Remnant of hyaloid artery

  • who?
  • tx?
A
  • TB foals <2do

- none

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14
Q

Minor eye-lid laceration tx

A
  • sedate, local block
  • suture conjunctiva, good apposiiton
  • systemic NSAID, abx
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15
Q

Severe eyelid laceration

A

blepharoplasty

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16
Q

One test to do if eyelid laceration

A

Fluorescein stain

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17
Q

Conjunctivitis

  • cause
  • sign
  • dx
  • tx
A
  • secondary to something (infection, FB, ulver, glaucoma, uveitis)
  • hyperemia, chemosis (edema of conj)
  • cyto, culture
  • tx underlying cause
18
Q

Corneal laceration prognosis worse if….

A

laceraction >15mm

19
Q

Corneal laceration

  • signs
  • dx
  • sequelae
  • tx (sx and med)
A
  • pain, corneal edema
  • PLR, Seidel’s test
  • fibrin clot, prolasped iris, miosis
  • enucleation, graft, systemic flunixin, sys abx
20
Q

What is Seidel’s test

A

checks for leaking of aq humor

21
Q

Superficial vs deep corneal FB tx

A

Superficial

  • take out en bloc
  • tx as simple corneal ulcer
  • recheck until fluro neg
  • prog good

Deep

  • refer
  • tx as complicated ulcer
  • prog guarded
22
Q

Simple corneal ulcer

  • what
  • tx
  • recheck times
  • healing time
A
  • superficial ulcer, uninfected
  • tobramycine QID, systemic atropine, NSAID
  • recheck Q5d
  • heals in 10-12d
23
Q

Complex ulcers

  • what
  • can include?
  • dx
  • tx
  • sx
A
  • deep, infected, uveitis present
  • descemetocele, melting
  • cyto and culture (incl fungi)
  • sub-palp lavage (abc, afx, atropine, serum, povidione-iodine), abx, antifungal, serum (melting), atrpine, systemic NSAID
  • keratectomy and conjunctival graft
24
Q

Corneal stromal abscess

  • epi layer?
  • fluorescein stain?
  • appearance
  • causes
  • can cause?
  • tx
A
  • epi in tact
  • no uptake
  • white-yellow opaque
  • bac, fungi
  • uveitis
  • abx, afx, systemic NSAID
  • +/- debridment
25
Q

What type of abx for eye?

A

antibactericidal

26
Q

Keratitis

  • what
  • types and appearance
A
  • inflamm of cornea
  • herpesvirus: punctate, grey circular central lesion, tearing, painful
  • esosino: white plaques, granulation tissue by limbus
  • immune-mediated: corneal neovasc.
27
Q

Glaucoma

  • what
  • cause
  • signs
  • dx
  • tx
A
  • high IOP
  • secondary to uveitis
  • corneal edema, red eye, buphthalmia
  • tonometry
  • tx uveitis, anti-glaucoma (CAI, mannitol, beta-blocker, etc.), +/- laser cyclophotocoagulation
28
Q

Uveitis

  • what and progression
  • causes
  • signs
A
  • inflammation of uvea –> damage uvea tract –> inflamm med –> decr blood-ocular barrier
  • IDIOPATHIC infection (lepto, brucella, influ virus, herpes, fungal), immune-med, neoplasia, trauma
  • conj. hyperemia, corneal edema, keratitic percipitate, aq flare/fibrin/hypopyon/hyphema, miosis, rubeosis iridis, deep corneal neovasc., vitreal haze
29
Q

Uveitis vs ERU

  • cause
  • signs/syndromes
  • tx duration
A 
Cause:
- uveitis: trauma, corneal ulcer
- ERU: immune med, lepto
Signs/syndrome:
- uveitis: miosis, low IOP, etc.
- ERU 3 syndromes: classic (typical uveitis), insidious (slow prog), prosterior (vitritis, retinitis)
Therapy:
- uveitis: 2-6wk
- ERU: months
30
Q

Signs of chronic uveitis

A

buphthalmos or phthisis bulbi, Haab’s stria, corneal edema, posterior synechiae, cataract, vitreal degen, retinal detach, chorioretinal scars

31
Q

equine recurrent uveitis

  • what
  • progression and signs
A
  • 2+ epi of uveitis with silence in middle
  • initial/acute: anterior/posterior/panuveitis
  • insidious: slow dev
  • chronic: end stage signs (see chronic uveitis??)
32
Q

corioretinla lesions

  • cause
  • eg
A
  • posterior uveitis
  • butterfly lesion (loss of pig around optic n.)
  • bullet hole = mf white depig
33
Q

dx of uveitis/ERU

A
  • eye exam
  • PE
  • BW
  • serology or PCR for infectious (e.g. lepto)
  • conjunctival biopsy
34
Q

Uveitis/ERU tx

- incl sx

A
  • tx underlying cuse
  • anti-inflammatory (steroid vs NSAID, topical vs systemic vs subconj inj)
  • don’t wean off too quickly
  • sx: cyclosporin implant, vitrectomy (replace vitreous), vitreal inject with abcx
35
Q

Uveitis prevention

A
  • genetic breeding in Appaloosa (leopard complex
36
Q

Cataracts (adult)

  • cause
  • tx
  • tx complications
A
  • congenital, acquired, heritable
  • sx
  • glaucoma, retinal detachment
37
Q

Congenital stationary night blindness

  • who
  • signs
  • dx
  • tx
A
  • Appaloosa
  • genetic link
  • normal ocular exam
  • ERG
  • no tx
38
Q

Optic neuritis

  • cause
  • dx
  • signs
  • tx
A
  • ERU, trauma
  • edematous hyperemic optic disc
  • dx like uveitis…
  • tx: systemic NSAID, tx underlying cause
39
Q

Sudden blindness from head trauma

  • what happens?
  • signs
  • dx
  • tx
  • prognosis
A
  • optic n. avulses
  • fixed dilated pupil, no menace, blind, hyphema, IO hemmorrhage
  • hx, US
  • systemic NSAD
  • grade for vision
40
Q

Most common neoplasia

A

Sarcoids, SSC

41
Q

Sarcoid

  • cause
  • appearance
  • dx
  • tx
A
  • viral
  • histo
  • sx +/- cryo, radiation, cysplatin
  • high reoccurance rate
42
Q

SSC

  • cause
  • appearance
  • where
  • dx
  • tx
A
  • UV
  • erosive or nodular
  • eyelid, limbus
  • histo
  • sx +/- cryo, laser, chemo
  • high reocurrence

Equine Med (8 decks)

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