UROGENITAL Flashcards
urinary system
elim of nitrogenous waste and maintenance of water balance
genital system
for reproduction
what is the gist of the kidney
water treatment plant
components of the uriniferous tubule
bowmanns capsule
nephric tubule
collecting tubule
bowmans (renal) capsule function
collects fluid from capillaries usually the glomulerus
nephric tubule function
modifies the composition of fluid
collecting tubule function
conveys fluid and potentially modifies and brings it to a shared duct
renal corpsucle function
glomulerus plus the renal bowman capsule
nephron
nephric tubule plus bowmanns capsule
collecting system
collecting tubules plus shared duct
what happens in the uriniferous tubules
blood components enter the bowmanns capsule as glomular filtrate and then becomes urine
some further components are also secreted and resorption into blood happens
what type of organization does kidney have
tripartite
what are 3 parts of the kidney making it tripartite
pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros
opisthonephros
mesonephros + metanephros
archinephric duct
the duct that is formed to recieve urine during early anterior kidney development
may also be coopted for sperm transfprt and its called vas defrens if it doesnt transport urine
pronephric duct
from pronephros only
mesonephric duct
from the mesonephros but maybe also pronephros
accessory urinary duct
forms later in devel and takes over the archinephric ducts role
pronephros
anterior kidney region
appears in basically all verteb embryos
usually degenerates in later devel and might never even fully devel
tubules from this pronephric duct extend into cloaca
mesenephros
middle kid region
tubules devel after pronephric and tap into the pronephric duct which then becomes the mesenephric duct
usually functional in all embryo anf either dissapears in adults or combines with metanephros to make opisthonephros
metanephros
posterior kidney region
tubules develop after mesenephric
diff in amniotes and non amnitoes
metanephros in non amniotes
combines w the mesonephric tubules to become the opisthonehric kidney
either tap into mesoephric duct and become opisthonephric duct, or it joins w mesonepric tubules to make new accessory opithoermic duct
metenephros in amniotes
as mesenephros degenerates it forms the adult metanpehric kidney
builds the acessory metanephric duct which is the ureter
kidney development simple m
mesomeric mesoderm
nephric ridge
segmented into nephrotomes with nephrocoel
— nephrotome is precursor for unrinferous tubule
lateral ends of nephrotomes merge into common archinephric duct extending into the cloaca of embryo
medial ends of nephrotomes may form bowmans capsules, narrow tips
holonephros
hypothetical kidney developing from entire nephric ridge in anterior to posterior sequence
one uriniferous tubule per body segment
large glomuerli with open periotenial funnels present
nephric tubules drain directly into collecting tubules
NOT REAL OR PRESENT
hagfish kidney
MESO
pronephros in embryo
mesonephros forms adult kidney
30-35 pairs of mesonephric glomerular uriniferous tubules
lamprey kidney
OPISTHO
pronephros in early ammocoete
mesonephros in late ammocoete
metaneohric added to form opisthonephric kidney
gnathosomes (jaw) and amphib kidney
OPISTHO
proneprhos in embryo/larva
opisthonerphros with opisthonephric duct in adult
archinephric duct carries sperm and urine in males
amniote kidney
META —- NO PRONEPH
mesonephros in embryo
metanephros in adult and the mesen degen
metanephric duct (ureter) comes
mesophrenic duct becomes vas def in males and none in female
reptile kidney
META
metanephric which is divided into lobes
bird kidney (under reptile)
atleast 3 lobes
kidney protected by synscacrum
collecting duct merges to make ureter branch which merges to make ureter
mammal kidney
renal pelvis branches out as major and minor calyces
collecting ducts drain into the calcyes
outer cortex, inner medulls
why excretion needed
metabolic activities produce NH3 which need to go
ammonotelism
direct excretion of ammonia
fish and larval lissamphib (thrugh gills and skin)
needs large amount of water but must happen constantly
ureotoelism
excretion of ammonia as urea
mammals, lissamph and turtles through urine
uricotelism
excretion of ammonia as uric acid
urea non toxic, can accum
reptiles form semi solid percip in cloaca
urea is insoluble - makes percip
facultative excretion
optional, nh3 and urea can be easily excrted in water but only latter can be stored
facultative excretion in african lungfish and turtles
convert nh3 to urea which is held and then excreted later when back in water
facultative excretion in mammals
excrete high concentrated urea solution bcuz of loop of henle so urea elim w/ little water loss
