URINE SEDIMENTS Flashcards
RED BLOOD CELLS
-Pale non nucleated biconcave discs, membrane regular, 6 to 8 μm in size
-menstrual contamination
-Pale pink to bright red
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
-Colorless, 12 μm in size
-bacterial infection, cystitis, and inflammation
EPITHELIAL CELLS
-abundant irregular cytoplasm and wrinkled borders
-vaginal infection caused by Gardnerella vaginalis
TRANSITIONAL CELLS
-Can be spherical, pear-shaped, polyhedral, or caudate shaped–renal stones
RENAL TUBULAR EPITHELIAL CELLS
-Originate from proximal renal tubules, loop of Henle, distal convoluted renal tubules, and collecting ducts
- exposure to heavy metals
OVAL FAT BODIES
-They are highly refractile and globular in shape, with a nucleus
UTI
-ALKALINE PH
YEAST
-Appear as colorless, small, refractile, round to oval structures
-patients who are diabetic
TRICHOMONAS
-trophozoite that is a pear-shaped flagellate
- vaginal or urethral inflammation
PINWORM
Eggs or ova are football shaped
-fecal contamination
SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM
- Very large in size and football shaped with a terminal spine
SPERM
Spermatozoa have tapered oval heads with long, delicate, flagella-like tails
MUCUS
-ribbon-like or thread-like structures
HYALINE CAST
-Composed of uromodulin protein and appear colorless and transparent under low power
- parallel sides with rounded ends
-increased numbers with strenuous exercise, stress, fever,
RBC CASTS
-They appear red to brown but vary in size and shape
-increased numbers with strenuous exercise, stress, fever,
White Blood Cell Casts
-prominent nuclei are found in a cylindrical matrix
- pyelonephritis
BACTERIAL CAST
-Casts contain bacilli within the protein matrix
-PYELENONEPHRITIS
EPITHELIAL CELL CASTS
-RTE cells with large nuclei are seen within protein matrix
-tubular necrosis,
GRANULAR CASTS
-Casts are a degeneration of cellular casts
-pyelonephritis
FATTY CAST
- Casts may contain fat droplets and intact oval fat bodies
-NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
WAXY CASTS
-broken, jagged, or blunt ends with cracks on the margin of the matrix
-URINARY STASIS
BROAD CASTS
-Named for their wide size
-URINARY STASIS
URIC ACID CRYSTAL
-Yellow to brown in color; can occur in many shapes,
-URINARY STONES AND GOUT
-ACID PH
AMORPHOUS URATE CRYSTALS
-YELLOW TO REDDISH GRANULES
-NO CF
-ACID PH
CALCIUM OXALATE
-appear as colorless, envelope-shaped crystals with an X or cross in the middle
-RENAL CALCULI
-ACID OR NEUTRAL
SODIUM URATE CRYSTAL
-Colorless or yellowish, slender needles with blunt ends that can be found singly or in clusters
- NO CF
- ACID PH
AMORPHOUS PHOSPHATE CRYSTALS
-Fine colorless granules
-NO CF
-ALKALINE PH
