URINE SEDIMENTS

Question 1

RED BLOOD CELLS

Answer 1

-Pale non nucleated biconcave discs, membrane regular, 6 to 8 μm in size
-menstrual contamination
-Pale pink to bright red

Question 2

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

Answer 2

-Colorless, 12 μm in size
-bacterial infection, cystitis, and inflammation

Question 3

EPITHELIAL CELLS

Answer 3

-abundant irregular cytoplasm and wrinkled borders
-vaginal infection caused by Gardnerella vaginalis

Question 3

TRANSITIONAL CELLS

Answer 3

-Can be spherical, pear-shaped, polyhedral, or caudate shaped–renal stones

Question 4

RENAL TUBULAR EPITHELIAL CELLS

Answer 4

-Originate from proximal renal tubules, loop of Henle, distal convoluted renal tubules, and collecting ducts
- exposure to heavy metals

Question 5

OVAL FAT BODIES

Answer 5

-They are highly refractile and globular in shape, with a nucleus
UTI
-ALKALINE PH

Question 6

YEAST

Answer 6

-Appear as colorless, small, refractile, round to oval structures
-patients who are diabetic

Question 7

TRICHOMONAS

Answer 7

-trophozoite that is a pear-shaped flagellate
- vaginal or urethral inflammation

Question 8

PINWORM

Answer 8

Eggs or ova are football shaped
-fecal contamination

Question 9

SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM

Answer 9

• Very large in size and football shaped with a terminal spine

Question 10

SPERM

Answer 10

Spermatozoa have tapered oval heads with long, delicate, flagella-like tails

Question 11

MUCUS

Answer 11

-ribbon-like or thread-like structures

Question 12

HYALINE CAST

Answer 12

-Composed of uromodulin protein and appear colorless and transparent under low power
- parallel sides with rounded ends
-increased numbers with strenuous exercise, stress, fever,

Question 12

RBC CASTS

Answer 12

-They appear red to brown but vary in size and shape

-increased numbers with strenuous exercise, stress, fever,

Question 13

White Blood Cell Casts

Answer 13

-prominent nuclei are found in a cylindrical matrix
- pyelonephritis

Question 14

BACTERIAL CAST

Answer 14

-Casts contain bacilli within the protein matrix
-PYELENONEPHRITIS

Question 15

EPITHELIAL CELL CASTS

Answer 15

-RTE cells with large nuclei are seen within protein matrix
-tubular necrosis,

Question 15

GRANULAR CASTS

Answer 15

-Casts are a degeneration of cellular casts
-pyelonephritis

Question 16

FATTY CAST

Answer 16

• Casts may contain fat droplets and intact oval fat bodies
  -NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

Question 17

WAXY CASTS

Answer 17

-broken, jagged, or blunt ends with cracks on the margin of the matrix
-URINARY STASIS

Question 17

BROAD CASTS

Answer 17

-Named for their wide size
-URINARY STASIS

Question 18

URIC ACID CRYSTAL

Answer 18

-Yellow to brown in color; can occur in many shapes,
-URINARY STONES AND GOUT
-ACID PH

Question 19

AMORPHOUS URATE CRYSTALS

Answer 19

-YELLOW TO REDDISH GRANULES
-NO CF
-ACID PH

Question 20

CALCIUM OXALATE

Answer 20

-appear as colorless, envelope-shaped crystals with an X or cross in the middle
-RENAL CALCULI
-ACID OR NEUTRAL

Question 21

SODIUM URATE CRYSTAL

Answer 21

-Colorless or yellowish, slender needles with blunt ends that can be found singly or in clusters
- NO CF
- ACID PH

Question 22

AMORPHOUS PHOSPHATE CRYSTALS

Answer 22

-Fine colorless granules
-NO CF
-ALKALINE PH