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sgu clin path > urine & cytology > Flashcards

urine & cytology Flashcards

quiz 1

1
Q

What are the type of collection for urine specimen?

A
  1. spot collection (free catch)
  2. catheterized samples
  3. cystocentesis
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2
Q

what type of method for collecting urine sample will it be normal to see cell & microbes from lower UT?

A

spot collection

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3
Q

what type of method for collecting urine sample will it be normal to see cells & microbes & blood due to trauma?

A

catheterized sample

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4
Q

what type of method for collecting urine sample do you use a fine needle to obtain a sample that is not contaminated by microbes & transitional cells but has some blood?

A

cystocentesis

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5
Q

What can cause your urine sample to be have a False positive occur?

A

by not stating the method of collection

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6
Q

What type of test is an urinalysis ?

A

bacteria & chemical assay

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7
Q

why should an urinalysis be examined immediately ?

A
  1. lysis of cells & casts associated w/ bacterial multiplication cause false positive chemical rxn
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8
Q

How can you preserve urine specimens?

A
  1. Refrigerate immediately - slow bacterial proliferation

2. preservative

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9
Q

what are type of preservative for urine specimens?

A
  • 1 drop of 40% formaldehyde to 30 mL of urine
  • 3 mL of 10% formal saline to 30 mL of urine
  • 0.5 g boric acid to 30 mL or urine
  • cover surface of urine w/ layer of toluene
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10
Q

what does preservatives in urine specimen interfere with?

A

chemical tests

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11
Q

What are the type of proper restraint when collecting cytologic samples?

A
  1. physical
  2. sedation
  3. anesthesia
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12
Q

What are types of cytologic samples?

A
  1. fluid
  2. organs
  3. masses
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13
Q

what are types of fluid samples for cytology ?

A
  1. peritoneal
  2. pleural
  3. pericardial
  4. CSF
  5. Joint
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14
Q

What type of collected tube do you used for Cytology of fluid?

A
  1. EDTA & sterilin in plain tube
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15
Q

Why is EDTA used for fluid cytologies?

A
  1. preserves cell morphology

2. prevents clot formation in joint fluid if blood contamination occurs

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16
Q

When can sterilin tubes be used in fluid cytology?

A

testing culture for micro-organism

17
Q

When should analyze for fluid cytology be done?

A
  1. immediately
    - direct smear
    - sediment smears
  2. proper restraint
18
Q

What is lavages ?

A

Introducing fluid to an area to make contact with the lesion to obtain some of the cells of said lesion

19
Q

Where would you perform lavages ?

A
  1. nasal
  2. tracheal
  3. Bronchial
  4. vaginal
  5. urinary bladder
20
Q

what do you collect Lavages in ?

A
  1. EDTA tube

2. Sterilin tubes

21
Q

How should CSF be collected for cytology?

A
  1. adequate restraint
  2. collect in EDTA tube
  3. Analyze in 30 -60 mins
22
Q

what should be added to CSF sample to increase stability by increasing protein concentration?

A

BSA - bovine serum

23
Q

How should fine needle aspirate by collected?

A
  1. adequate restraint

2. fine needle then make smear

24
Q

What type of masses can a FNA be on ?

A
  1. Lymph nodes
  2. skin swellings
  3. internal organs
25
Q

What are types of touch imprints (impression smears)?

A
  1. punch biopsies

2. necropsies

26
Q

How should a touch imprint be performed?

A
  1. touch cut surface of mass with clean slide
  2. air dry slide
  3. drop reminder of mass in formalin
27
Q

What information should be on the label of blood tube ?

A
  1. Owner: name , address, telephone #
  2. Animals data : identification , age ,sex ,breed
  3. Sample : data , type , test required
28
Q

When sending the specimen that has been collecting what type of information should be with it ?

A
  1. history & clinical signs
    - any drugs
    - excitement of bleeding time
29
Q

How do you describe the sample you submitted for testing?

A

states the collection tube & what specimen is in the tube

30
Q

what are the type of factors that can effect results of specimens sent to lab?

A
  1. Pre-analytocal factors
  2. Analytial factors
  3. Post -analytical factors
31
Q

what are the pre-analytical factors affecting results ?

A
  1. clinicans

2. Animal s

32
Q

what are the pre-analytical factors from clinicians that affect results ?

A
  1. choice of anticoagulants
  2. sample collection & handling
  3. analysis: ASAP
  4. accompany the sample w/:
    - accurate signalment
    - clinical signs & hx
33
Q

what are the pre-analytical factors from animals that affect results ?

A
  1. Fixed factors
  2. transient factors
  3. sample animal before tx
34
Q

what are the fixed factors for pre-analytical factors of animals that affect results ?

A
  1. species
  2. breed
  3. age
  4. Sex
35
Q

What are the transient factors for pre-analytical factors of animals that affect results ?

A
  1. large animal especially horses need to be retested

2. small animals should be fasted

36
Q

what are type of treatment should a sample be taken before hand to cause pre-analytical factors of animals that affect results ?

A
  1. Antibiotics
  2. steroids
  3. Ca-Borogluconate
37
Q

What are the types of equipment that cause analytical factors to affect results ?

A
  1. manual vs. automated methods
  2. idea vs. Hemavet
  3. wet biochemistry vs. dry biochemistry
38
Q

what are the type of analytical factors that affect results ?

A
  1. Type of Equipment
  2. Skill & experience of technical
  3. Quality control
  4. Incorrect transcription of results
  5. use of wrong RI
  6. Errors interpretation

sgu clin path (4 decks)

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