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SGU clin path > blood samples > Flashcards

blood samples Flashcards

quiz 1

1
Q

What is PCV is below RI known as ?

A

Anemia

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2
Q

what is PCV is above RI known as ?

A

Erythrocytosis

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3
Q

what is AST is below RI known as ?

A

low AST

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4
Q

what is AST above RI known as ?

A

Elevated AST

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5
Q

what is protein below RI known as ?

A

hypoproteinemia

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6
Q

what is protein above RI known as ?

A

hyperproteinemia

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7
Q

What should reference intervals be based off of ?

A
  1. sex
  2. age
  3. breed
  4. physiological status
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8
Q

When looking at reference intervals & interpreting values what should be used with as cation?

A
  1. outliers
  2. exercise anemia horses
  3. food ingestion in small animals
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9
Q

what is the lower & upper limits of any test for 95% of healthy animals ?

A

reference intervals

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10
Q

what is eosinophils below RI known as?

A

Eosinopenia

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11
Q

what is eosinophils above RI known as ?

A

Eosinophilia

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12
Q

what is WBC below RI known as ?

A

Leukopenia

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13
Q

what is WBC above RI known as?

A

Leukocytosis

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14
Q

what is Neutrophils below RI known as ?

A

Neutropenia

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15
Q

what is Neutrophils above RI known as?

A

Neutrophilia

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16
Q

what is Platelets below RI known as ?

A

Thrombocytopenia

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17
Q

what is Glucose below RI known as ?

A

hypoglycemia

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18
Q

what is glucose above RI known as ?

A

hyperglycemia

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19
Q

what is K below RI known as ?

A

hypokalemia

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20
Q

what is K above RI known as ?

A

hyperkalemia

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21
Q

what is pH below RI known as ?

A

acidemia

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22
Q

what is pH above RI known as ?

A

alkalemia

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23
Q

what is Lymphocytes below RI known as?

A

lymphoenia

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24
Q

what is Lymphocytes above RI known as ?

A

Lymphocytosis

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25
Q

When interpreting laboratory results what method should be used ?

A
  1. Extracting all abnormal values (E)
  2. rank all abnormal values (R)
  3. Connect lab pattern with history & clinical signs (C)
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26
Q

what is RI for protein?

A

6-8 g/dL

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27
Q

When interpreting Lab results by extracting all abnormal values what should you consider?

A

if the animal is sick vs. healthy

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28
Q

what is the ranking for abnormal values ?

A
  1. mild
  2. moderate
  3. marked
29
Q

How does the ranking of abnormal values vary ?

A
  1. parameters
  2. species
  3. age
30
Q

When looking at abnormal values how can you recognize patterns?

A
  1. establish dz mechanism or pattern using lab abnormalities
  2. develop a list of differential diagnosis for dz pattered
  3. connect lab pattern with hx & clinical signs
  4. decided if further test are required
31
Q

How can you establish dz mechanism our patterns by using abnormal value ?

A
  1. evaluate the possible multiple patterns

2. remove peculiarities of RI & artifacts

32
Q

How can you develop a list of differentials diagnosis for dz patterns by using abnormal values>?

A
  1. some dz produce lab patterns

2. mixed patterns

33
Q

How can you connect lab patterns w/ hx & clinical signs?

A

identify the most likely differential dx

34
Q

Why is ranking important when interpreting abnormal values?

A

rules dz & find the diagnosis

35
Q

what are type of blood samples ?

A
  1. whole blood
  2. serum blood
  3. plasma blood
36
Q

what are types of cytology samples ?

A
  1. Fluid
  2. Biopsies
  3. FNAs
37
Q

what are type of urine samples?

A
  1. free catch
  2. cystocentesis
  3. catheterized
38
Q

What is the best way to collect blood samples in large animals ?

A

jugular & in the morning

39
Q

what is the best way to collect blood samples in big canines ?

A

cephalic & fasted

40
Q

what is the best way to collect blood sample in small canines?

A

jugular &fasted

41
Q

what is the best way to collect blood samples in feline ?

A

jugular or cephalic & fasted

42
Q

what is the best way to collect blood sample in porcine ?

A

anterior vena cava

43
Q

what is the best way to collect blood sample in rabbit/pis?

A

ear vein

44
Q

what is the best way to collect blood sample in avians?

A

wing vein

45
Q

what is the best way to collect blood samples in iguana ?

A

tail vein

46
Q

Why do you remove the syringe when placing blood into tube >?

A

prevent damage/lysis to morphology of cells

47
Q

When taking blood sample what should be done as well & sent with the blood tubes?

A

several smears

48
Q

what are the chemicals that prevent clotting of blood?

A

anticoagulants

49
Q

What will happen when not placing enough blood into a tube with EDTA ?

A

EDTA shrinks RBCs

50
Q

what will happen when to much blood is placed into a tube with EDTA ?

A

EDTA will lead to clot formation

51
Q

what blood tube is sample of choice for hematology ?

A

EDTA → purple top

52
Q

what are the characterstics of EDTA tube?

A
  1. preserves cell morphology
  2. interferes least w/ romanowsky stains
  3. prevents clot formation in joint fluids
53
Q

What type of hematology should an EDTA tube not be used in?

A

fish hematology

54
Q

what test should an EDTA tube not be used in b/c is forms insoluble complex w/ Ca?

A

Coagulation test

55
Q

How long is an EDTA sample stable for in room temperature ?

A

24 hrs

56
Q

How long is an EDTA sample stable for in 4˚C/39.2F?

A

2-3 days

57
Q

What should never be done with an EDTA sample ?

A
  1. Never frozen

2. never separate plasma & cells

58
Q

What happens with there is hemolysis in vitro ?

A
  1. lowers RBCs
  2. Lowers PCV
  3. increase MCHC
59
Q

What tube is anticoagulant & sample of choice for biochemistry?

A

lithium heparin → green top

60
Q

what are the characteristics of lithium heparin tube ?

A
  1. interferes least w/ chemical assays least
  2. choice for fish hematology
  3. inhibits prothrombin & thrombin
61
Q

Should lithium be used for coagulation test ?>

A

NO

62
Q

what blood tube has no additive or anticoagulant & is the blood tube of choice for serology & biochemistry?

A

plan blood tube → red top

63
Q

what is the sample of choice for measuring glucose & prevents RBCs from utilizing glucose ?

A

fluoride oxalate blood tube → grey tube

64
Q

what is the sample of choice for testing coagulation due to is binding poorly w/ Ca?

A

Sodium citrate blood tube → blue top

65
Q

Does plasma or serum have clotting factors ?

A

plasma

66
Q

what is the time frame for a lithium or serum sample when refrigerate?

A

< 24 hrs

67
Q

what is the time frame for lithium or serum sample when frozen?

A

> 24 hrs

68
Q

What are the consequences when there is hemolysis of lithium heparin or serum sample ?

A
  1. increase K
  2. increase P
  3. increase AST

SGU clin path (4 decks)

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