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SGU clin path > Laboratories & quality control > Flashcards

Laboratories & quality control Flashcards

Quiz 1

1
Q

What have in house lab increased?

A
  1. More prosperous demanding of clients
  2. User-friendly instruments
  3. availability of trained technicians
  4. problems associated w/ diagnostic labs
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2
Q

What is the problem when using manual methods in a in house laboratory ?

A
  1. human error

2. Not efficient

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3
Q

what are type of automated counters?

A
  1. dry chemistry analyses
  2. serological test- kits
  3. cost benefit analysis
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4
Q

what are the benefits for in house labs?

A
  1. quick dx
  2. fresh samples
  3. avoid packing
  4. improved client relation
  5. increase profit ( depending)
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5
Q

what are the benefits for commercial labs?

A
  1. expert advice
  2. reliability of results
  3. health & safety regulation
  4. wide range of tests
  5. Avoid certain cost:
    - reagents
    - maintenance
    - parts replacement
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6
Q

what are the standard operating procedures for laboratory records?

A
  1. Procedures for various assays run in lab

2. insert sheets accompanying serological kits

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7
Q

what are the forms the are from the clinicians to lab with client info. & Pt data ?

A

request form

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8
Q

what are the forms that have results from lab to source of sample with explanatory comments?

A

Results forms

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9
Q

What ensures that entire process in the laboratory are acceptable quality?

A

Quality assurance

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10
Q

what are type of quality assurances?

A
  1. Pre-analytical
  2. analytical
  3. Post analytical
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11
Q

what are the characteristics of test results ?

A
  1. accuracy
  2. precision
  3. reliability
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12
Q

What is analytical process that tracks the ability of the lab to prove accurate/reliable results ?

A

Quality control

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13
Q

What are the type of Quality controls?

A
  1. reliability of instruments
  2. reliability of technicians
  3. reliability of reagents
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14
Q

what are the objectives of the quality control?

A
  1. detect errors
  2. report reliable results
  3. easy to use
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15
Q

What are the type of laboratory errors ?

A
  1. random error

2. systemic error

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16
Q

what type of laboratory error is dealing with temperature abuse for reagents?

A

random error

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17
Q

what type of laboratory error is dealing with expired reagents & faulty instrument ?

A

systemic error

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18
Q

Why should control serums be ran?

A

to maintain precision & accuracy

-performed regularly

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19
Q

Why should inspection of equipment be done regularly ?

A
  1. prolongs lifespan of instrument

2. accurate results obtained

20
Q

What methods are used to detect or quantify the concentration of a chemical substance in a fluid?

A
  1. Quantitiative assays
  2. semi-quantitative assays
  3. Qualitative assays
21
Q

what are the fluids that are used for laboratory assays ?

A
  1. Blood
  2. Urine
  3. Other body fluids
22
Q

what are the other body fluids that are used in laboratory assay?

A
  1. Peritoneal
  2. Pleural
  3. CSF
  4. Joint
23
Q

what are the characteristics of Quantitative Assays?

A
  1. results close to true concentration of substance of fluid
    - Na
    - Glc
  2. Reported as specific numeric value
24
Q

what are the characteristics of Semi-Quantitative Assay?

A
  1. results are approximate of true concentration of substance in fluid
  2. report in category scale
25
Q

How is a semi-quantitative assay characterized in results ?

A
  1. degree of turbidity in a urine Sample
  2. category scale:
    - degree of turbidity : +..
    - less than or less than
    - range
26
Q

what are the characteristics of Qualitative Assay?

A
  • indicated the presence or absence of substance in sample

- reported as negative or positive

27
Q

what is the degree of closeness of a measured value to true value of analyte ?

A

Accuracy

28
Q

what are the analytical properties of laboratory assay ?

A
  1. Accuracy
  2. Precision
  3. Reliability
29
Q

what is the ability of ability of an assay to give similar results if analyzed several times ?

A

precision

30
Q

what are type of precisions?

A
  1. Magnitude of reproducibility

2. magnitude of repeatability

31
Q

what is the ability of an assay to be accurate & precise ?

A

reliability

32
Q

What are type of diagnostic properties of tests ?

A
  1. Sensitivity

2. Specificity

33
Q

what is sensitivity ?

A

probability of testing positive if the dz of interest is truly present = TP

34
Q

what does high sensitivity indicate ?

A

percentage of diseased animals that are positive in the test & the ability of the test to correctly identify positive animals?

35
Q

what is sensitivity used for ?

A

screening for disease

high NPV

36
Q

what is specificity ?

A

probability of screening negative if the dz of interest is truly absent = TN

37
Q

what is specificity test used for ?

A

confirmatory test

high PPV

38
Q

What is a positive test the correctly identifies the positive animals by gold standard?

A

TP

39
Q

1

What is a negative test that correctly identifies the negative animal by gold standard?

A

TN

40
Q

what is a positive test that incorrectly identifies negative animals as being positive for Ab or Ag?

A

False positive → FN

41
Q

what is a negative test that incorrectly identifies positive animals as being negative for Ab or Ag?

A

False negative → FN

42
Q

What describes how a test performs in the field ?

A

predictive values = prevalence

43
Q

what is the positive predictive value (PPV)?

A

probability that a pt w/ + test results actually has the dz if interest
- strongly suggest presence of dz

44
Q

what is negative predictive vale (NPV)?

A

probability that a pt w/ - test results actually doesn’t have the dz of interest
-strongly suggest absence of dz

45
Q

what is the sensitivity formula ?

A

TP/TP+FN

46
Q

what is the specificity formula ?

A

TN/TN + FP

SGU clin path (4 decks)

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