Urine Flashcards
If a patient has a high serum potassium, what is the expected urine potassium?
> 40 mEq
If a patient has a low serum potassium, what is the expected serum potassium?
< 20 mEq
What does low urine sodium indicate?
Normal renal sodium handling, hypovolemia, low sodium diet, or decreased EABV.
What can hematuria indicate?
Many things – can be transient, indicate a urologic issue, rhabdomyolysis, hemolysis, or a glomerulonephritis. What findings in hematuria suggest glomerular bleeding ? Appropriae systemic symptoms of a glomerular disease (e.g. skin rash, joint aches), dysmorphic red blood cells, red cell casts, and proteinuria).
When should you use a urine chloride?
To calculate the urine anion gap in no-gap metabolic acidosis with academia, and to differentiate causes of metabolic alkalosis
What does a pigmented granular (muddy brown) cast indicate ?
Rhabdomyolysis or acute tubular necrosis,
What does a white cell cast indicate ?
Pyelonephritis, interstitial nephritis (acute of chronic).
What does a red cell cast indicate?
A glomerular disease.
What do very broad casts or broad waxy casts indicate ?
Chronic kidney disease
What is a normal specific gravity for a UA? What do different numbers mean?
1.002 to 1.03
higher specific gravity = more concentrated
What is the range of normal pH for a UA?
5 to 7
What is normal protein in a UA?
negative to trace amounts
What is a normal glucose in a
UA?
negative
What is a normal ketone in a UA?
negative
what is a normal bilirubin in a UA?
negative
What is a normal blood in a UA?
negative
What is a normal nitrite for a UA?
negative
What is a normal leukocyte count for a UA>
negative
What is a normal urobilinogen for a UA?
0.2 - 1 Ehr U/dL
Define isosthenuria
urine osmolarity equivalent to plasma osmolarity occurs at a S.G. of ~ 1.012
When is isosthenuric urine produced?
when tubules are damaged
What is one weakness of the dipstick urine protein?
it only detects negatively charged proteins (albumin)
When are ketones found in the urine?
frequently due to diabetes
What do nitrites in the urine indicate?
bacterial infection of urine or kidney
What doe leukocytes in the urine indicate?
infection, inflammation or allergic reaction
What is a normal urine creatinine? (women and men)
15-20 mg/kg per day in female, and 20-25 mg/kg / day in male
What is a normal urine sodium (generally speaking)
100 – 260 meq/24 hours (varies on intake)
What is a normal urine potassium?
25 – 125 mmol / 24 hours (variable)
What is a normal urine chloride?
100-250 mmol / 24 hours (variable)
