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Renal > Renal Anatomy and Histology > Flashcards

Renal Anatomy and Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Which kidney is smaller and lower in the retroperitoneal space, right or left?

A

Right (pushed down by the liver)

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2
Q

What is contained in the renal hilum?

A

blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and renal pelvis

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3
Q

What kind of tissue makes up the renal cortex?

A

parenchyma

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4
Q

What 3 structures are found in the cortex?

A

Cortical labyrinth
medullary rays
renal columns

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5
Q

What is the cortical labyrinth?

A

renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules of the nephron in the cortex

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6
Q

What are the medullary rays?

A

the straight tubules and collecting tubules that move from medulla into the cortex

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7
Q

What are the renal columns/

A

the cortical regions that extend between pyramids of the medulla

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8
Q

What aspects of the nephron are contained in the medulla?

A

straight tubules, loop of Henle, and the collecting ducts

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9
Q

What is the name of the apex of the medullary pyramid that makes contact with the renal pelvis?

A

the papilla

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10
Q

Define a kidney lobe

A

medullary pyramid and its associated cortex

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11
Q

Define the renal sinus

A

the space which contains the pelvis, vessels and lymphatics/nerves. Filled with fat that is contiguous with perirenal fat

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12
Q

Where is the glomerulus located?

A

the renal corpuscle, which is in the cortex

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13
Q

After the renal corpuscle, what is the next part of the nephron?

A

proximal convoluted tubule

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14
Q

after the proximal convoluted tubule, what is the next part of the nephron?

A

proximal straight tubule/thick descending loop of Henle

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15
Q

What does ascending or descending refer to in describing the loop of Henle?

A

Ascending: towards renal capsule
Descending: towards renal pelvis/medulla

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16
Q

After the thick descending loop of henle, what is the next part of the nephron?

A

thin descending loop of Henle

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17
Q

after the thin descending loop of Henle, what is the next part of the nephron?

A

thin ascending loop of henle

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18
Q

After the thin ascending loop of henle, what is the next part of the nephron?

A

Distal straight tubule/thick ascending loop

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19
Q

Where is the macula densa located relative to the rest of the nephron?

A

next to the vascular pole of the corpuscle, after the distal straight tubule/thick ascending loop

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20
Q

What comes after the macula densa on the nephron?

A

distal convoluted tubule

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21
Q

What comes after the distal convoluted tubule in the nephron?

A

collecting tubule

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22
Q

Where do multiple nephrons join within the cortex?

A

at the collecting tubule, which feeds into the cortical collecting duct

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23
Q

where is the cortical collecting duct located relative to the medulla and the cortex?

A

in the medullary ray, extending into the cortex

24
Q

After the outer medullary collecting duct, what is next in the nephron? what does it feed into?

A

the inner medullary collecting duct, which feeds into the papilla

25
Q

Which part of the nephron is made up of simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli?

A

the proximal convoluted tubule

26
Q

Which part of the nephron is made up of simple squamous epithelium?

A

the loop of henle

27
Q

Which part of the nephron is made up of cuboidal epithelium with a small amount of microvilli?

A

the distal convoluted tubule

28
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the collecting ducts?

A

cuboidal/columnar epithelium

29
Q

Which part of the kidney contains transitional epithelium?

A

the ureters

30
Q

What part of the kidney regulates blood pressure?

A

the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), via the RAAS.

31
Q

What makes up the JGA?

A

macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells

32
Q

What is the macula densa derived from?

A

modified thick ascending limb cells with more crowded nuclei and darker staining cytoplasm

33
Q

What are juxtoglomerular cells derived from?

A

modified smooth muscle cells which associate with the AFFERENT arteriole

34
Q

Where is the macula densa monitoring salt concentration and fluid volume?

A

in the distal tubule (mostly thick ascending limb)

35
Q

What percentage of CO goes to the kidney? where in the kidney?

A

25%, 95% of this goes to the cortex

36
Q

How many segmental arteries does the renal artery divide into?

A

5 on each kidney

37
Q

What do the segmental branches of the renal artery divide into?

A

the interlobar arteries

38
Q

What comes after the interlobar arteries?

A

the arcuate arteries, which follow the cortico medullary border and “arch”

39
Q

What comes after the arcuate arteries?

A

the interlobular arteries, which ascend into the labyrinths

40
Q

Distinguish between a renal lobe and lobule.

A

lobe = medullar pyramid + associated cortex/renal column

lobule = collecting duct + all the nephrons it drains

41
Q

What branches off of the interlobular arteries?

A

afferent arterioles

42
Q

When the efferent arterioles exit the glomeruli, what do they form?

A

the peritubular capillaries and the descending vasa recta

43
Q

Where does venous return begin in the kidney?

A

the interlobular veins and ascending vasa recta

44
Q

What 3 membranes make up the filtration apparatus of the glomerulus?

A
  1. fenestrated endothelium
  2. interdigitating foot processes of the podocyte
  3. basal lamina shared by the two epithelial layers
45
Q

What cell “cleans” the filtration system of the glomerulus?

A

mesangial cells

46
Q

Which one of the following is part of the filtration apparatus?

  1. parietal layer of bowman’s capsule
  2. mesangial cells
  3. podocytes
  4. juxtaglomerular cells
  5. macula densa cells
A
  1. podocytes - parietal cells of the Bowman’s capsule surround the whole renal corpuscle, mesangial cells are phagocytic to clear the filtration membrane, JG cells secrete renin, and macula densa cells of thick ascending limbs act on JG cells
47
Q

What do glomerular capillary tufts and the bowman’s capsule (both layers) form?

A

the renal corpuscle

48
Q

What are the two layers of the Bowman’s capsule?

A

parietal layer

visceral layer - podocytes

49
Q

What structure immediately follows the direction of blood or urine flow in the :
urinary space of the renal corpuscle

A

proximal convoluted tubule

50
Q

What structure immediately follows the direction of blood or urine flow in the :
afferent arteriole

A

glomerular capillaries

51
Q

What structure immediately follows the direction of blood or urine flow in the :
thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

A

distal convoluted tubule

52
Q

What structure immediately follows the direction of blood or urine flow in the :
interlobar arteries

A

arcuate arteries

53
Q

What structure immediately follows the direction of blood or urine flow in the :
major calyx

A

renal pelvis

54
Q

What structure immediately follows the direction of blood or urine flow in the :
efferent arteriole

A

peritubular capillaries AND vasa recta arteries

55
Q

What structure immediately follows the direction of blood or urine flow in the :
proximal convoluted tubule

A

thick descending limb of the loop of Henle

56
Q

What structure immediately follows the direction of blood or urine flow in the :
collecting duct

A

minor calyx

Renal (28 decks)

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