Renal Development Flashcards
which of the following is the first-functioning embryonic/fetal kidney? A. Urogenital sinus B. Pronephros C. Mesonephros D. Metanephros E. Nephrogenic cord
D - mesonephros
The urogenital sinus becomes the urinary bladder (and urethra/glands). The pronephros never functions. The metanephros takes over from the mesonephros to become the permanent kidney. The nephrogenic cord is part of the early urogenital ridge that forms from the intermediate mesoderm.
Which of the following sentences is correct?
A. The ureter arises from the cloaca
B. The nephron progenitor cells give rise to Bowman’s capsule, the proximal and distal tubules, and the podocytes
C. The metanephric mesenchyme gives rise to the collecting ducts
D. The ureteric bud gives rise to the distal tubules
E. the metanephric mesenchyme gives rise to the nephron progenitor cells, collecting ducts, and collecting system
B. The nephron progenitor cells give rise to Bowman’s capsule, the proximal and distal tubules, and the podocytes
Renal agenesis may result from faulty development of what structure? A. Cloaca B. Paraxial mesoderm C. Lateral plate D. Intermediate mesoderm E. Notochord
D - the kidneys develop from the intermediate mesoderm. The cloaca develops into the bladder and rectum. The paraxial mesoderm becomes somites that form bone, muscle, and connective tissue. The lateral plate gives rise to the body wall and gut wall. And the notochord induces neurulation and becomes the nucleus pulposis of an intervertebral disc.
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract are (marked the incorrect sentence)?
A. The most common cause of chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease in pediatrics
B. Arise from abnormal signaling in kidney development
C. Eagle Barret syndrome is a triad that includes: undescended testes, poor development of the abdominal muscles, and bilateral hydronephrosis
D. Potter sequence includes: flat facies, clubfeet, and polyhydramnios
E. Abnormal ascend of the kidney may result in horseshoe kidney and pelvic kidney
D- Potter sequence includes flat facies, club feet and polyhydramnios
A cyst in the midline below umbilicus (the navel) might be a remnant of which of the following? A. Allantois B. Ureteric bud C. Mesonephric tubules D. Urogenital sinus E. Mesonephric duct
A- allantois, which extends from the bladder into the umbilical cord. Persistence of its lumen may result in a midline cyst, sinus, or fistula. The UG sinus becomes the urinary bladder, not a pathological cyst. Everything else is bilateral and in the wrong place.
What do the nephron tubules, Bowman’s capsule and podocytes develop from?
metanephric mesenchyme
Endothelial progenitors give rise to what kidney structure?
renal vasculature
The collecting ducts, collecting system and the ureter develop from which structure?
ureteric bud
The urinary bladder develops from which structure?
the cloaca
What two cell lineages comprise the metanephros?
metanephric mesenchyme and ureteric bud
What part of the embryo gives rise to the metanephric mesenchyme and the ureteric bud?
the intermediate mesoderm
What is the intermediate step between the metanephric mesenchyme and the development of the tubules, bowmans capsule and podocytes?
the nephron progenitor cells
What are the 3 components of the mesoderm?
the lateral plate, intermediate mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm
What kind of development pattern does the ureteric bud follow?
branching morphogenesis
