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NURSING 2 > urinary week 3 > Flashcards

urinary week 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Gero: prostate

A

enlargement
obstruct flow
frequent oliguria
anuria

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2
Q

Gero: bladder tone

A

increased urgency
incontinence
UTI
less power (men)

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3
Q

Specific gravity

A

Evaluates the ability of kidneys to concentrate solutes in urine and is altered by the presence of blood, protein, and casts in the urine

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4
Q

Osmolality

A

Concentrating ability is lost early in kidney disease; these tests findings may disclose early defects in kidney function

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5
Q

Hematuria

A

can develop from an abnormality anywhere along the genitourinary tract and is more common in women than in med

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6
Q

White blood cells in urine

A

should be very few; increased numbers indicate infection or inflammation

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7
Q

Protein in urine

A

occasional loss of up to 150mg/day of protein in urine primarily is considered normal and usually does not require further evaluation

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8
Q

Glucose in urine

A

Should be absent; its presence is suspicious for diabetes

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9
Q

Cystitis

A

An infection in any part of the urinary system, the kidneys, bladder, or urethra.

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10
Q

Cystitis: manifestations

A 
Frequency
Urgency
Suprapubic pain
Burining
Hematuria
Fever
N/v
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11
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of the kidney due to a bacterial infection.

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12
Q

Pyelonephritis: manifestations

A

Flank pain
Dysuria
Pain at costovertebral angle
same s/s as cystitis

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13
Q

Cystitis and Pyelonephritis: diagnosis

A

Dipstick for leukocyte estrace and nitrates UA/C&S

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14
Q

Cystitis and Pyelonephritis: treatment

A

anti-microbials
increase fluid intake
prevention education

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15
Q

Cystitis and Pyelonephritis: nursing goals

A 
Symptom relief
Teaching and prevention
Showers > baths 
Perineal cleansing (front to back)
Voiding after intercourse
Anti-microbial therapy
White toilet paper
No perfumes to peri area
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16
Q

Kidney stone: s/s

A 
Fever
Stomach pain
Vomiting
Backache
Blood in urine
Dizziness
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17
Q

Kidney stone (renal calculi) diagnosis

A 
UA
Cystoscopy
IVD
Renal stone analysis
KUB (x-ray)
Serum: calcium, oxalate, uric acid
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18
Q

Kidney stone (renal calculi): risk factors

A 
infection
urinary stasis
immobility
hypercalcemia 
increase uric acid
increase urinary oxalate level
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19
Q

Urolithiasis and Nephrolitiasis

A 
What is the problem 
Risk factors
Clinical manifestations
Medical management
fluids
filter urine
pain meds 
diet changes 
Pass on own
Lithotripsy
Surgery
Nephrostomy tube
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20
Q

Pyelonephritis: patho

A

Inflammation of the kidney due to a bacterial infection.

21
Q

Pyelonephritis: s/s

A 
fever 
chills
vomiting
malaise
flank pain
hematuria
22
Q

Pyelonephritis treatment

A

abx

analgesic

23
Q

Overflow incontinence

A

occurs when you are unable to completely empty your bladder; this leads to overflow, which leaks out unexpectedly. You may or may not sense that your bladder is full

24
Q

urge incontinence

A

Loss of bladder control, varying from a slight loss of urine after sneezing, coughing, or laughing to complete inability to control urination.

25
Q

Stress incontinence

A

happens when physical movement or activity — such as coughing, laughing, sneezing, running or heavy lifting — puts pressure (stress) on your bladder, causing you to leak urine

not related to psychological stress

26
Q

Functional incontinence

A

occurs when an individual with normal bladder and urethral function has difficulty getting to the toilet before urination occurs. Those with impaired mobility or mental confusion may have this type of incontinence.

27
Q

Urinary retention: patho

A

Difficulty urinating and completely emptying the bladder.

28
Q

Urinary retention: manifestations

A

the inability to completely empty your bladder when urinating.

frequent urination in small amounts.

difficulty starting the flow of urine, called hesitancy.

a slow urine stream.

the urgent need to urinate, but with little success.

feeling the need to urinate after finishing urination.

29
Q

Urinary retention: complications

A 
chronic infections 
pyelonephritis 
sepsis
hydronephritis 
Calculi
30
Q

Urinary retention: nursing management

A

Promoting urinary elimination
promoting home care
Bladder scan, straight cath., foley

31
Q

benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

Age-associated prostate gland enlargement that can cause urination difficulty.
This type of prostate enlargement isn’t thought to be a precursor to prostate cancer.
With this condition, the urinary stream may be weak, or stop and start. In some cases, it can lead to infection, bladder stones, and reduced kidney function.

32
Q

BPH: s/s

A 
weak urine stream
frequent urination
dribbling after urination
urge to urinate
leakage of urine (overflow incontinence)
frequent urination during night
33
Q

BPH: TURP

A

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is a surgery used to treat urinary problems that are caused by an enlarged prostate. An instrument called a resectoscope is inserted through the tip of your penis and into the tube that carries urine from your bladder (urethra).

34
Q

BPH: bladder irrigation

A

Warm bladder irrigation fluid can decrease the drop of body temperature and the incidence of hypothermia and shiver during and after the operation for BPH. Warm irrigation fluid should be considered as a standard practice in BPH surgeries.

35
Q

BPH: TUR syndrome

A

from too much irrigation and resultant hyponatremia

– N/V HTN bradycardia disorientation

36
Q

BPH: color of drainage

A

want light pink without clots

37
Q

BPH: management

A

calculate UOP

38
Q

BPH: medications

A

Finasteride
Dutasteride/tamulosin
Dutaseride

39
Q

autonomic dysreflexia

A

Spinal cord injury at t-6 that is triggered by stimuli at t-6 or below

40
Q

What triggers autonomic dysreflexia

A

Restrictive clothing
Full bladder or UTI
Fecal impaction
Pressure areas

41
Q

Autonomic dysreflexia: Complications

A

Complications come from sustained severe peripheral hypertenion

  • sz
  • retinal hemorrhage
  • pulmonary edema
  • renal insuffiency
  • MI
  • cerebral hemorrhage
42
Q

Autonomic dysreflexia: s/s from vasodilation above t-6

A

Flushed face
– high BP

HA
– distended neck veins

decreased heart rate
– sweating

43
Q

Autonomic dysreflexia: s/s from vasodilation below level of injury

A

pale
cool
no sweating

44
Q

Genitourinary trauma: cause

A

pelvic fractures, blunt trauma, MVA, penetrating injuries or recent urethral or bladder surgery

45
Q

What should a nurse do if there is suspected genitourinary trauma

A

do NOT insert catheter until provider has cleared

46
Q

Genitourinary trauma: specific injuries and clinical manifestations

A

urethral trauma

bladder trauma

47
Q

Genitourinary trauma: medical management

A

surgical management

48
Q

Cancer of bladder: medical and nursing management

A

surgery
meds
radiation

49
Q

Urinary diversion

A

Ileal conduit

    • stoma in which urine comes out of (cutaneous ureterostomy)
    • stoma should be pink
    • client will alway smell of urine (psychosocial factors)

NURSING 2 (12 decks)

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