urinary tract tumors Flashcards
Kidney cancer
stats
most common type
63,340 cases/yr in US –> 14,970 die
Renal cell carcinoma (adenocarcinoma)
- males more than females– usually over 64
- risk factors: cigarette smoking, ACKD, obesity, HTN, exposure to asbestos, cadmium, and gasoline
- increased incidence - first degree relatives
Kidney cancer
early stage
manifestations
diagnostic studies
Early: asymptomatic- found by accident
-25% have metastasis when diagnosed –> renal vein, vena cava, lungs, liver, and long bones
Manifest: hematuria, flank pain, palpable mass in flank or abdomen –> also weight loss, fever, HTN, anemia
Studies: CT scan, ultrasound, angiography, biopsy, MRI; radionuclide isotope scan
Prevention of kidney cancer NOPE
Prevention
- smoking cessation
- healthy weight
- control BP
- avoid exposure to toxins
- identify high-risk groups
- patient teaching ab early manifestations
Interprofeional management of kidney cancer NOPE
Staging I to IV; early detection- higher chance for cure
Treatments
- surgeries = nephrectomy (partial, simple total, or radical) (open or laparoscopic)
- ablation: cryoablation or radiofrequency
- immunotherapy - alpha interferon and interleukin 2; nivolumab
- targeted therapy - kinase inhibitors
Bladder cancer stats who gets it most common type risk factors
Most common urinary system cancer
-81,900 new cases/yr; 17,240 die
Old adults - 90% over 55
Men more than women - whites more than anyone else
Transitional cell cancer - mostly papillomatous growths
Risk: cigarette smoking!!!!!!!! industrial exposure to dyes, cervical cancer treated with radiation or chemo; prolonged catheters, chronic, recurrent stones; chronic UTIs
Intravesical Therapy
Local instillation of immunotherapy or chemotherapy by urethral catheter
- retained for 2 hours - change position every 15 mins
- weekly intervals for 6-12 weeks
- induction and maintenance therapy
- post procedure: irritative voiding and hemorrhagic cystitis - increased fluids
