Prostate cancer

Question 1

Prostate cancer:
-who gets it?

Answer 1

Most common cancer among men except for skin cancer –> second leading cause of cancer death

~164,690 men get it and 29,340 die

1 in 9 men have risk of getting it

In US more than 2.9 million survivors

Question 2

Prostate cancer
depenant
spreads

Answer 2

Slow growing, androgen-dependent cancer

Spreads 3 ways:
1. direct extension –> involves seminal vesicles, urethral mucosa, bladder wall, and external sphincter
2. through lymph system –> regional lymph nodes
3. through bloodstream –> to axial skeleton, liver, and lungs

Question 3

Risk factors for prostate cancer: age and ethnicity

Answer 3

Over 50 yrs old: median age of diagnosis is 66 yrs old

black men get it most (except jamaicans) –> get it earlier and more severe –> die from it more (but that rate is going down)

Asian Americans get it less and die less than white dudes

Question 4

Risk factors for prostate cancer: other stuff

Answer 4

Diet
-high red and processed meat intake
-high-fat dairy products
-diet low in fruits and veggies

Obesity

Environment: chemical pesticides

Smoking (unclear)

Question 5

Clinical manifestations of prostate cancer

Answer 5

Asymptomatic in early stages

Eventually patient may experience LUTS symptoms similar to BPH

Symptoms of metastasis
-pain in lumbosacral area that radiates down to hips or legs that’s combined with urinary symptoms

Question 6

Prostate cancer metastasis

Answer 6

Tumor can spread to pelvic lymph nodes, bones, bladder, lungs, and liver
-pain management is a problem

Bone metastasis results in severe pain especially in the back and legs due to spinal cord compression and bone destruction

Question 7

Interprofessional care: prostate cancer

Answer 7

Chemoprevention of prostate cancer is an active area of research

Finasteride and dutasteride (used to treat BPH) may reduce chance of getting cancer

Early recognition and treatment are important to control tumor growth, prevent metastasis, and preserve quality of life

93% diagnosed when cancer is at local or regional stage; 5 year survival = 100%

Question 8

prostatectomy approaches

Answer 8

Retropubic approach involves midline abdominal incision

Perineal approach involves incision bt scrotum and anus

Question 9

Prostate cancer drug therapy

Answer 9

for treatment of advanced or metastatic prostate cancer

Androgen deprivation therapy

Chemotherapy

Combination