Urinary Tract Infections

Question 1

Define cystitis

Answer 1

Inflam of bladder lining due to infection/irritation damage
Heavy feeling suprapubically, released on micturition
Urethral infection

Question 2

Define urethritis

Answer 2

Inflam or urethra due to UTI causing bac and some STI causing bac

Question 3

Define pyelonephritis

Answer 3

Kidney and ureter infection from UTI.

Loin pain, fever, rigor, systemic sepsis

Question 4

Describe host defences against infection in the urinary tract

Answer 4

Sterile above distal urethra
Ascending organisms except TB, S auerus, schistomiasis
Micturition washes out urethra, dilutes, removes bacteria
IgA and IgG excreted in urine

Question 5

List 6 predisposing factors for UTI

Answer 5

Gender- shorter urethra in f so easier infection
Pregnancy- uterus pressure on bladder, incomplete washout
Childhood- 1-2% of girls under 19
Kidney failure
Blockage/reduced flow through urethra- catheter, prostate size, decreased fluid intake
Congenital abnormality- partial/full duplication of ureter

Question 6

Describe tests and investigations of UTI

Answer 6

• Midstream urine
• WBC count
• RBC (not from vag-pathological)
• Organisms- isolate pathogenic-identify
• Epi cells- culture bac- look for colonies

Question 7

List 8 common organisms causing UTI

Answer 7

E coli
Enterocci
P aeruginosa
Coliforms
klebsiella
S saprophyticus
P micrabilis
S epidemids

Question 8

Outline principles of therapy in UTI

Answer 8

Treat pyelonephritis early- risk of damage
Cystitis cleared by increased fluid
Antibiotics well tolerated
Simple UTI- 3 day course, complex 10-14 days
Prophylaxis of recurrent