Systems pathology- liver Flashcards

1
Q

Name some functions of the liver

A

Carb and fat metabolism. protein and bile synthesis. storage of ions etc. detoxification

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2
Q

Describe how the supply of blood differs to different hepatocytes

A
Centrilobar = LOW 02 low oxidase high esterase
Peripheral = HIGH 02 high oxidase low esterase
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3
Q

What are the responses of the liver to injury

A

Fatty change, Cholestasis, Inflammation, Fibrosis, Regeneration, Hepatocyte necrosis, Neoplasia

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4
Q

What two things are elevated during cholestasis?

A

Bilirubin. alkaline phosphatase

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5
Q

Describe the three ways liver failure can occur

A
  1. Acute liver damage (virus or toxin) –> liver cell necrosis
  2. Systemic shock –> liver cell necrosis
  3. Chronic disease –> acute decline
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6
Q

Name 4 features of acute liver failure and how they are caused

A
  1. Jaundice - cant metabolise biliruben
  2. Encephalopathy - failure to clear N products
  3. renal failure - decreased GFR
  4. bleeding - cant produce clotting factors
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7
Q

Define Cirrhosis and Chronic Hepatitis

A

Cirrhosis - nodules of regeneration separated by fibrosis. distorted architecture.
Chronic hepatitis - inflammation of the liver lasting >6 months

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8
Q

Describe some causes of Hepatitis

A

Hep B,C,D
Drugs
Autoimmune
Metabolic disease e.g. wilsons

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9
Q

Define how the Grade and Stage of liver damage is assessed

A
GRADE = severity of necrosis and inflammaion 
STAGE = fibrosis
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10
Q

Consequences of cirrhosis

A

Reduced hepatocyte function

Portal hypertension

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11
Q

Name three things portal hypertension can cause

A

Ascites, Splenomegaly, anastomosis (oesophageal varicies)

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