Urinary Tract Infections Flashcards
Where are most uropathogens derived from?
faecal flora
How does the incidence of UTI’s vary between cats and dogs?
Cats are much more resistant due to the high concentration of their urine
What is the most common bacterial isolate found in dog UTI’s
E.Coli
How should normal urination be to help aid against bacterial infection?
Frequent, complete and have an adequate flow
How can poor husbandry increase the risk of catching a UTI?
Not be let out to void frequently enough
What is an ectopic ureter?
Ureter bypasses bladder and straight into urethra or vagina
Why are female dogs more prone to UTI’s?
Because they have a shorter urethra
What are the 5 protective factors of the mucosa of the urethra?
Antibody production, surface GAG layer, intrinsic mucosal antimicrobial properties, bacterial interference, exfoliation of cells
How do pathogenic bacteria overcome the defense of the urinary tract?
Avoid flushing using fimbraie, complement resistant, and haemolysin production
How can you analysis a urine sample?
Perform a bacterial count
How do you perform a bacterial count?
Take a small amount of urine and spread onto a mac conkey and blood agar plate then count how many colonies grow from the sample
When is a bacterial count considered positive?
When there are more than 200 colonies
What is typical of E.coli growing on blood agar?
haemolytic zone
Why might a antimicrobial disc testing for sensitivity on a urine sample be of a lot higher concentration than a normal disc?
Because the kidneys concentrate the antibiotic
What is the difference between recrudescent and recurrence?
recrudescent is the same strain and recurrence is a new strain
What is a microburia?
presence of microbes in the urine
What is bacturia?
Presence of bacteria in the urine
What is pyuria?
Increased number of white blood cells in the urine
Whats the best way to collect urine for testing?
Cystocentesis
When can you use antibiotics empirically?
When it is first incidence and there is no underlying cause
When should you use a therapeutic culture?
When UTI is associated with high risk of morbidity, prescribed antibiotic is toxic and if signs aren’t improving
When might treatment of UTI’s fail?
When infection isn’t the causes, inadequate delivery of antibiotic, antibiotic resistance
