Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Urinary System > Urinary Tract Infection > Flashcards

Urinary Tract Infection Flashcards

1
Q 
What is the name for infection of the:
Kidney 
Bladder
Urethra 
Prostate 
Epididymis/testis?
A 
Kidney - acute or chronic pyelonephritis
Bladder - cystitis
Urethra - urethritis
Prostate - prostatitis 
Epididymis/testis - epididymo-orchitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What percentage of GP consultations are due to UTI?

A

6%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the incidence of UTI in females vs in males?

A

Female : male
3: 1

Affects 30% of women at some point in their life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why is UTI important in children?

A

Less common, but it is an important cause of kidney failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the incidence of pyelonephritis in women?

A

3 per 1000 women per year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the incidence of symptomatic UTI in men?

A

5 per 10,000 per year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the incidence of cystitis in young, sexually active women?

A

0.5 per year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What percentage of hospital acquired infections do UTIs constitute?

A

38%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the general predisposing factors to infection?

A

Immunosuppression
Steroids
Malnutrition
Diabetes - glucose in urine can act as a culture medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the predisposing factors specific to the urinary tract?

A

Female sex - shorter urethra
Sexual intercourse and poor voiding habits
Congenital abnormalities e.g. duplex kidney
Stasis of urine
Foreign bodies e.g. catheter, stones
Oestrogen deficiency in post-menopausal women, usually presents as recurrent cystitis
Fistula between bladder and bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the common causative organisms of UTI?

A

Usually bowel organisms e.g. E. coli, proteus, klebsiella, enterococcus
Usually gram-negative, rarely gram-positive

Usually E. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is bacteria transferred, resulting in UTI?

A

Transurethral route;
Periurethral area contaminated - recurrent UTIs, diaphragms
Urethra to bladder - intercourse, catheterisation, spread to bladder and up ureters

Bloodstream
Lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the natural history of UTI?

A

Single episode in 90%
Complicated vs uncomplicated
Mostly uncomplicated, single episodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the clinical features of UTI in children?

A 
Diarrhoea 
Excessive crying 
Fever
Nausea and vomiting 
Not eating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the clinical features of UTI in adults?

A 
Flank pain 
Dysuria 
Cloudy, offensive urine
Urgency 
Chills/rigors
Strangury 
Confusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the clinical features of acute pyelonephritis?

A 
Pyrexia 
Poor localisation 
Loin tenderness
Signs of dehydration
Turbid urine
17
Q

What are the investigations for UTI?

A

MSSU
Urinalysis in ward - blood, leukocytes, proteins and nitrites
Microbiology in lab - microscopy and gram staining, bacteruria

In children, men or frequent UTIs, ultrasound or IVU may be useful, plus isotope studies to rule out reflux and scarring

18
Q

What is the management of UTI?

A

Identify infecting organism and give appropriate antibiotics
Identify any predisposing factors and treat if possible

Fluids
Antibiotics - amoxicillin, cephalosporin, trimethoprim
IV antibiotics for severe infections

19
Q

In functionally normal urinary tracts in adults, they should have a normal IVU and repeated/persistent UTIs seldom result in renal damage. What happens in abnormal urinary tracts?

A

Anatomical/neurological abnormalities, stones and diabetes may all cause infection and lead to renal impairment

20
Q

What are the features of reflux nephropathy?

A

UTIs in children

Damage caused by reflux and infection

21
Q

What investigations can be done for reflux nephropathy?

A

Micturating cystogram

Assess progression by US scan and biochemistry

22
Q

What general measures can be taken for recurrent infections?

A

Fluid intake 2lday
Void every 2-3 hours by day
Void before bedtime and after intercourse
Avoid bubble baths and constipation

23
Q

What is inevitable in indwelling urinary catheters?

A

Colonisation

24
Q

When should antibiotics be given for colonisation of indwelling urinary catheters?

A

Only if patient is symptomatic

25
Q

What percentage of bacteruria progresses to symptomatic illness in pregnancy?

A

30%

26
Q

What is chronic pyelonephritis?

A

Not a chronic infection - repeated infection that causes scarring and clubbing, distortion of normal contour of kidneys

27
Q

What are the features of chronic pyelonephritis?

A

Hypertension
Chronic renal failure
Reflux
15% progress to renal failure - kidneys need to be removed before transplant in this condition

Urinary System (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions