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Urinary System > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the urinary system develop from?

A

The intermediate mesoderm and the Cloaca

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2
Q

What does the intermediate mesoderm (nephrogenic cord/urogenital ridge) give rise to?

A

The kidneys and ureter

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3
Q

What does the cloaca give rise to?

A

The urinary bladder and urethra

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4
Q

What does the septum of the cloaca separate?

A

Recto-anal part from uro-genital part

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5
Q

What does the intermediate mesoderm form on either side of the aorta?

A

Urogenital ridge

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6
Q

What does the urogenital ridge develop into?

A

Three sets of tubular nephric structures:

  • pronephros
  • mesonephros
  • metanephros
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7
Q

What duct persists while the tubules develop?

A

The duct into which the tubules drain

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8
Q

What does the duct into which the tubules drain grow out of?

A

Metanephros - mesoderm forms a cap around this duct and starts to form the excretory part of the kidney

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9
Q

What is the pronephros?

A

The cranial-most set of tubules, mostly regress

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10
Q

What is the mesonephros?

A

Located along the midsection of the embryo and develops into mesonephric tubules and mesonephric duct
Carry out some kidney function at first but then regress

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11
Q

What does the mesonephric duct persist into?

A

Persists and opens into the cloaca

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12
Q

What does the metanephros give rise to?

A

Definitive adult kidney

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13
Q

What does the metanephros develop from?

A

An outgrowth of the caudal mesonephric duct, the ureteric bud and from a condensation of nearby intermediate mesoderm (metanephric blastema)

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14
Q

What are the collecting tubules derivatives of?

A

The blastema

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15
Q

What is the collecting portion of the kidney derived from?

A

Ureteric bud - collecting duct, calyces, ureters

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16
Q

What embryological structures reciprocally induce each other to form kidney components?

A

Ureteric bud and metanephros

17
Q

What is the ascent of the kidneys mainly due to?

A

The differential growth of the lower body inferiorly away from the kidneys

18
Q

What vertebral level are the kidneys at?

A

T12-L3

19
Q

In what direction does the hilum rotate?

A

From ventral to medial, to face the aorta from which it receives its blood supply

20
Q

When does the ascent of the kidneys stop?

A

When there is contact with the adrenal glands

21
Q

What happens to the vascular supply during the descent of the kidneys?

A

Segmental breakdown and reformation of vascular supply

22
Q

What pole are the accessory renal arteries at?

A

Always at the inferior pole

23
Q

What components of the urinary system form from the mesoderm, mesonephric duct and cloaca?

A

Mesoderm
- nephron

Mesonephric duct

  • ureter
  • renal pelvis
  • calyces
  • collecting duct

Cloaca

  • urethra
  • urinary bladder
24
Q

What does the urorectal septum divides?

A

Divides the cloaca into the rectum and urogenital sinus

25
Q

What are the parts of the urogenital sinus?

A

Cranial, pelvic and caudal parts

26
Q

What does the urogenital sinus form?

A

Urethra and urinary bladder

27
Q

What is the trigone of the bladder derived from embryologically?

A

From the absorption of the caudal ends of the mesonephric ducts

28
Q

What is the mesodermal lining gradually replaced by in the inside of the bladder?

A

Endodermal epithelium

29
Q

What part of the urogenital sinus forms the bladder?

A

Cranial part

30
Q

What part of the urogenital sinus forms the prostatic and membranous urethra in males, or the entire urethra in females?

A

Middle part

31
Q

What part of the urogenital sinus forms the penile urethra in males?

A

Caudal part

32
Q

What are some of the common embryological anomalies of the kidneys?

A 
Congenital polycystic kidney 
Aberrant renal arteries
Lobulated kidney 
Transposition of kidney 
Horseshoe kidney 
Pancake kidney
33
Q

What embryological anomaly can occur with the ureter?

A

Abnormal sites at which the ureter opens

34
Q

What are the embryological anomalies of the bladder?

A

Hourglass bladder

Ectopia vesicae - ureteric openings and trigone seen on surface of body

Urinary System (22 decks)

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