Urinary tract fx

Question 1

List the 7 urinary tract function

Answer 1

1. Excretion of metabolic waste, foreign chemicals, drugs and hormone metabolism
2. Regulation of water and electrolyte balances
3. Regulation of arterial pressure
4. Regulation of acid/base
5. RBC production
6. Vitamin D activation
7. Glucose synthesis

Question 2

list the 6 main things excreted but the kidney

Answer 2

1. Urea - from the metabolism of amino acids
2. Creatinine - from muscle creatinine
3. Uric acid - from nucleic acids
4. End products of haemoglobin breakdown - such as bilirubin
5. Metabolites of various hormones, e.g. lipase and amylase
6. Toxins and other foreign substances - such as pesticides, drugs and food additives

Question 3

Explain the regulation of water and electrolyte balance

Answer 3

by increasing or decreasing concentration

Question 4

Regulation of arterial pressure, long term and short term

Answer 4

short term - secrete vasoactive factors eg renin

long term - increasing or decreasing Na+ and water

Question 5

explain the regulation of acid/base simply

Answer 5

the carbonic anhydrase equation assists with the buffering and acid and base secretion

Question 6

RBC production

Answer 6

secreting erythropoietin towards the bone
this is stimulates the bone marrow to develop erythrocytes
therefore hypoxia = anaemia

Question 7

Vitamin D activation

Answer 7

UV develops inactive form of vitamin D in the skin, and inactive form of Vitamin D is supplied by food.

the gut sends these to the kidney where the vitamin D is activated

the activated vitamin D is sent back to the gut to be digested
or with the activity of calcitriol the vitamin D is stored in the bone

** will be covered more in the calcium metabolism lec

Question 8

glucose synthesis

Answer 8

Gluconeogenesis
Ltx = Renal Cortex
need amino acid precursors