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Cancer > Urinary tract cancer > Flashcards

Urinary tract cancer Flashcards

1
Q

if a patient presents with visible haematuria what is suspected?

A

bladder or kidney cancer

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2
Q

what investigation is carried out for haematuria?

A

CT urogram + cystoscopy

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3
Q

what is strongly associated with bladder cancer?

A

smoking

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4
Q

what is the most common type of bladder cancer?

A

transitional cell carcinoma

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5
Q

what are the specific symptoms of bladder cancer?

A

painless haematuria
recurrent UTIs
voiding irritability

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6
Q

what is the investigation for bladder cancer?

A

cystoscopy with biopsy + CT urogram

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7
Q

treatment of bladder cancer in the early stages?

A

transurethral resection of bladder tumour

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8
Q

what is the most common type of kidney cancer?

A

clear cell renal cancer

renal cell carcinoma

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9
Q

how do most kidney cancers present?

A

incidental finding on a scan for something else

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10
Q

what are the symptoms of kidney cancer if the patient is symptomatic?

A

haematuria
loin pain
palpable mass

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11
Q

what genetic condition predisposes a person to kidney cancer?

A

Von-Hippel Lindau syndrome

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12
Q

what is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in the UK?

A

prostate cancer

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13
Q

how does prostate cancer usually present?

A

asymptomatic

- usually picked up by PSA tests and abnormal DRE (digital rectal exam)

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14
Q

what may be some symptoms of later stage prostate cancer?

A

lower urinary tract symptoms (hesitancy, straining, intermittent stream)
haematuria
pain
weight loss

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15
Q

what is PSA?

A

prostate specific antigen

it is produced by the prostate gland

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16
Q

what could cause a raised PSA?

A 
prostate cancer
benign prostatic hyperplasia
Prostatitis / UTI’s
Retention
Catheter
digital rectal exam
17
Q

what must be done following raised PSA levels and an abnormal DRE?

A

transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy

18
Q

what age group is testicular common?

A

men aged 20-45

19
Q

what is the most common type of testicular cancer?

A

germ cell seminoma

20
Q

what are risk factors for testicular cancer?

A

undescended testes
infant hernia
infertility

21
Q

which tumour markers are associated with testicular cancer?

A

AFP

b-HCG

22
Q

what is the most common type of testicular cancer?

A

germ cell tumour (mixed)

23
Q

what are the 2 types of testicular germ cell tumour?

A

seminoma and non-seminoma

Cancer (12 decks)

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