urinary system - week 4 TISSUE BIOLOGY Flashcards
1
Q
What does the urinary system consist of?
A
2 kidneys
2 ureters
bladder
urethra
2
Q
What are the major connections of the kidney?
A
- renal artery (unfiltered blood)
- renal vein (filtered blood)
- ureter (urine exits to bladder)
3
Q
What are the functions of the kidney?
A
- extensive
- ventilation (lungs)
- osmoregulation (brain via angiotensin 2)
- blood pressure (heart)
- calcium (bones)
- metabolism (muscles)
- tissue oxygenation (blood platelets)
4
Q
What does the medulla do?
A
- regulates concentration of urine
5
Q
What does the papilla do?
A
- sieve-like, facilitates passage of urine
6
Q
What is the cortex?
A
- location where filtering begins
7
Q
Describe the kidney histology
A
capsule -> cortex -> medulla -> papilla -> calyces
8
Q
Describe the capsule
A
- made of connective tissue
- supported by underlying stratal cells (fibroblasts and myofibroblasts)
- capsule preserves hydrostatic pressure needed for filtrations
- strong cells can help repair injured kidney
9
Q
Describe the cortex
A
- directly underlying capsule
- contains filtration units (renal corpuscle of nephron)
- typically nephrons being in cortex and convolute through medulla and end up in papilla
10
Q
what is the nephron?
A
- functional unit of the kidney - production of urine
11
Q
How many nephrons are there approximately in each kidney?
A
1 mio
12
Q
What cells do nephrons consist of?
A
simple, single layer epithelium along their entire length
13
Q
Describe the renal corpuscle
A
- dense, ball-like structure enclosing tuft of capillaries (glomerulus)
- surrounded by Bowman’s capsule (urinary capsule)
- site of blood filtration - ultrafiltration
- always located in cortex
14
Q
Describe the renal tubule
A
- proximal convoluted - in renal cortex
- loop of hence - mostly medulla
- distal convoluted - renal cortex
- collection tubules/ducts - medulla
15
Q
How many litres of filtrate does a human produce a day and how much urine?
A
180 litres of filtrate
1-2 litres of urine
