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Anatomy Final > Urinary System System 27 > Flashcards

Urinary System System 27 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the Urinary System?

A

Urine storage
Urine expulsion
Blood volume regulation
Erythrocyte regulation (EPO)
Ion level regulation
Acid-base balance regulation

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2
Q

Where is the kidney located?

A

Retroperitoneal
Posterior abdominal wall
between T12 and L3
protected by 11th and 12th ribs

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3
Q

What are the layers surrounding the kidney?

A

Fibrous Capsule
Perinephric fat
Renal Fascia
Paranephric fat

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4
Q

What is the Fibrous capsule structure?

A

Connective tissue sheet directly on outer surface of the kidney
Innermost layer

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5
Q

What is the Fibrous capsule function?

A

Helps maintain shape of kidney
protect from trauma and pathogens

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6
Q

What is perinephric fat structure?

A

Fatty tissue surounding renal capsule

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7
Q

What is Perinephric fat function?

A

Provide cushion
Provide support

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8
Q

What is Renal fascia function?

A

Anchors kidneys to surrounding structures, abdominal wall and peritoneum

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9
Q

What is Paranephric fat?

A

Outermost layer
Adipose tissue
Between renal fascia and peritoneum

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10
Q

What are the two regions of the kidney?

A

Renal cortex
Renal Medulla

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11
Q

What is the renal cortex?

A

Light red
Outer
Nephrons

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12
Q

What is the renal medulla?

A

Dark red-brown
Inner
Renal tubules
Constists of several renal tubules

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13
Q

What are renal columns?

A

portions of renal cortex that extend between renal pyramids of the medulla

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14
Q

What forms at the base of the renal pyramid and cortex?

A

Corticomedullary Junction

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15
Q

What is renal papillae?

A

The apex of a renal pyramid

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16
Q

What do renal papillae project into?

A

projects into the minor calyx

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17
Q

What do minor calyces form?

A

Several minor calyces fuse to form a Major Calyx

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18
Q

What do major calyces form?

A

Major calyces fuse to form Renal Pelvis

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19
Q

What is the renal pelvis?

A

Collects urine and transports it into the ureter

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20
Q

What is a renal lobe?

A

8 to 15 lobes in a kidney
Consists of a renal pyramid
cortical tissue surrounds each pyramid

21
Q

How is blood supplied to the kidney?

A

Afferent arterioles bring blood into the kidney
Efferent arterioles bring blood away and into particular capillaries –>Vasarecta (Vein)

22
Q

What is a nephron?

A

Filtering unit of the kidney

23
Q

What are the two parts of the nephron?

A
  1. Renal Corpuscle
  2. Renal Tubule
24
Q

What is the renal corpuscle’s function?

A

Filter plasma

25
Q

What is the renal tubule function?

A

Passageway for filter fluid (Urine/Tubular fluid)

26
Q

What are the two components of a Renal corpuscle?

A
  1. Glomerulus
  2. Glomerular (Bowman’s) Capsule
27
Q

What is the filtration membrane?

A

Thin structure made from glomerulus and glomerular capsule (3 layers)

28
Q

What are the 3 layers of the filtration membrane?

A
  1. Endothelium of Glomerulus
  2. Basement membrane of Glomerulus
  3. Visceral layer of Glomerular capsule
29
Q

What is the endothelium of the glomerulus?

A

Innermost layer
Fenestrated to allow filtration
Prevents passage of larger materials (cells, platelets)

30
Q

What is the basement membrane of the glomerulus?

A

Middle layer
Porous
Restricts passage of larger proteins

31
Q

What is the visceral layer of glomerular capsule?

A

Outermost layer
Made of Podocytes

32
Q

What are podocytes?

A

Cells with long processes called pedicels that wrap around the glomerular capillaries

Pedicels are separated by filtration slits
Form a selctive barrier

33
Q

What are the 3 functions of the Nephron to produce urine?

A
  1. Glomerular filtration
  2. Tubular reabsorption
  3. Tubular secretion
34
Q

What is glomerular filtration?

A

Movement of substances from blood in glomerulus into the capsular space (of corpuscle)
Fluid is called Filtrate in capsular space

35
Q

What is tubular reabsorption?

A

Movement of useful substances from the tubular fluid back into blood
Mostly water and needed solutes in the filtrate are reabsorbed
Renal tubules

36
Q

What is tubular secretion?

A

Movement of substances from the blood into the tubular fluid to be secreted
Tubular fluid–> Collecting duct=Urine

37
Q

What are the parts of the urinary tract?

A
  1. Ureters
  2. Urinary bladder
  3. Urethra
38
Q

What are the functions and structure of the ureters?

A

Function: Conducts urine from kidney to the urinary bladder
Structure: Wall composed of three layers

39
Q

What are the ureter walls 3 layers? (Innermost to outermost)

A
  1. Mucosa (TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM)
  2. Muscularis
  3. Adventitia
40
Q

What is the Urinary bladder?

A

Hollow, distensible organ
Transitional epithelium (Mucosa)

41
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Urinary bladders wall?

A
  1. Mucosa: Rugae
  2. Muscularis: Detrusor muscle
  3. Adventitia: Serosa
42
Q

What is the urethra?

A

Small tube from internal urethral structures to exterior of body (External urethral orifice)

43
Q

Female urethra?

A

One short tube
Wall has deep mucosa and superficial muscularis
Only transports urine

44
Q

Male urethra?

A

Long tube divided into 3 segments
Passes through the prostate, perineal muscles and through the penis
Transports urine and semen

45
Q

What are the 3 segments?

A
  1. Prostatic urethra
  2. Membraneous urethra
  3. Spongy urethra
46
Q

What is the prostatic urethra?

A

Goes trough prostate gland
Transitional epithelium

47
Q

What is the membranous urethra?

A

Short segment through urogenital diaphragm

48
Q

What is the spongy urethra?

A

Long segment
Goes through erectile tissue

Anatomy Final (3 decks)

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