Reproductive system Chapter 28 Flashcards
What are the overall functions of the female reproductive system?
-Produce Ova
-Secrete sex hormones
-Receive sperm
-Site for fertilisation and implantation
-Development of embryo and fetus
-easier parturition
-provide nourishment for baby
What is the primary sex organ in females?
Ovaries
What are the accessory sex organs?
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Clitoris
Mammary glands
What is the function of the ovaries?
Produce/release and store ovum
Make sex hormones
Paired
What is the mesovarium?
double fold of peritoneum
attached to anterior of ovary
What is the broad ligament of the female RS?
Peritoneum that drapes over uterus
What is the ovarian ligament?
Anchors ovary to lateral uterus
What is the suspensory ligament of the female RS?
attaches the later ovary to the pelvic wall
How blood supplied in the ovaries?
By an ovarian artery and ovarian vein
What surrounds each ovary?
Germinal epithelium
What is deep to the germinal epithelium?
Tunica albuginea
What can the tunica albuginea be divided into?
Ovary cortex and medulla
What does the cortex of an ovary contain?
thousands of Ovarian follicles
What does the medulla of an ovary contain?
Connective tissue
Blood vessels
Lymph vessels
nerves
What is a follicle?
Consists of an oocyte surrounded by follicle cells
Goes through diff stages of development
What is a primary oocyte?
Within the primary follicle
Surrounded by granulose cells and zone pellucida
What is a secondary oocyte?
Within the mature follicle
Lots of granuloma cells and a large antrum
1 a month
What is the corpus luteum?
Remnants of the follicle after oocyte is ovulated
Secretes progesterone and estrogen
What are the uterine tubes?
Transport secondary oocytes and fertilised ova from ovaries to uterus
What are the regions of the fallopian tubes?
- Infundibulum: Contains finger-like projections (Fimbrae)
- Ampulla: site of fertilisation
- Isthmus
- Uterine part: continuous with uterus
What are the functions of the uterus?
Implantation site
Support/protect developing fetus
eject fetes during labor
What supports the uterus?
- Round ligaments
- Transverse cervical ligaments
- Uterosacral ligaments
weakness=prolapse
What are the layers of the uterine wall?
- Perimetrium: Outermost layer
- Myometrium
- Endometrium
What is the Endometrium?
Contains uterine glands
Basal layer= No change during cycle
Functional layer= Changes thickness during cycle and is shed
What is the vagina functions?
-Receptacle for Penis during sex
-Menstrual flow outlet
-passageway for childbirth
Vagina structure?
Fibro muscular canal lined with mucous membrane
mucosa produces acid and contains dendritic cells
What is vulva?
External genitalia
contains mons pubis
labia majora
labia minora
vestibule
What is the mons pubis?
Expanse of skin anterior to pubic symphysis
-Has hair
What are labia majora?
Paired thickened skin folds
-Has hair
-Sebaceous and sweat glands
What are labia minora?
paired folds medial to majora
-No hair
-Vascularized
-Malanocytes
What is the vestibule?
Space between minora
Contains urethral opening and vaginal orifice (hymen)
What are bulbs of the vestibule?
Erectile
Either side of vaginal orifice to increase sensitivity of vulva
What is the clitoris?
Small erectile body anterior to labia minora
What forms the body of the clitoris?
Corpora cavernosa
What caps the body of the clitoris?
Glans clitoris
What is the prepuce?
External fold of labia minora that forms hood over clitoris
What is the functions of the female breast?
Produce and store milk
What is the structure of the female breast:
Nipple: Lactiferous ducts
Alveoli: Produces milk within lobules
Lactiferous sinus: stores milk
Areola: Pigmented portion with sebaceous glands
Cooper’s ligaments: support breast
What is the primary male sex organ?
Testes
What is a testis location/function?
Within scrotum
functions: produce sperm, secrete sex hormones
What is the testis covered with?
Covered by serous membrane, tunica vaginalis (partial and visceral layer)
What layer is deep to Tunica vaginalis?
Tunica albuginea
What is the tunica albuginea in the testes?
At the back: it projects into mediastinum testis
Internally; projects into the testes to form septa to form lobules
What are the lobules in the testes?
Contain up to four seminiferous tubules in each
What are seminiferous tubules?
Spermatogenesis site
What are the two types of cells in the seminiferous tubules?
- Sustentacular cells
- Interstitial cells
What are sustentacular cells?
support cells that nourish, protect sperms
Assist with sperm development
Release inhibin
connected by tight junction to form blood-testis barrier
What are Interstitial cells?
Reside in interstitial spaces
Produce androgens (hormones aka Testosterone)
What is the structure of sperm?
Head
Acrosome- (create hole in ovum)
Midpeice- (Mitochondria)
Tail- (swimming)
What is the function of sperm?
Fertilize egg
What are ducts within the testis?
Rete testis
Efferent ductules
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra
What is the rate testis?
Receive sperm from semineferous tubules
chnnales merge to form efferent ductules
What are efferent ductules?
Formed by rete testis
connect rete testis to epididymis
Epididymis structure?
Head
Body
Tail
Contains duct pf the epididymis
Epididymis function?
Store sperms cells
Assists with sperm maturation
What is the ductus deferent (Vas deferens)
Sperm enter vas deferens after leaving epididymis
Propels sperm
What is the structure of the ductus deferens?
Wall: Mucosa, muscularis and adventitia
Smooth muscle to propel sperm
Travels within spermatic cord
Enlarges to form Ampulla
What is the ampulla of the ductus deferens?
Enlarged portion of vas deferens when it approaches the prostate
What is the ejaculatory duct?
Ampulla unites with seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct
Conducts sperm and seminal vesicle secretions to prostatic urethra
What is the urethra in male RS?
Transports semen from ejaculatory ducts to outside of body
Subdivided into three regions
What are the three regions of the male urethra?
- prostatic urethra
- Membranous urethra
- Spongy urethra
What are the three accessory glands of the male RS?
- Seminal Vesicles
- Prostate gland
- Bulbourethral glands
What do the three glands do?
Secret fluids to mix with sperm to create seminal fluid
What are seminal vesicle?
Paired, elongated hollow organs
What do seminal vesicle secrete?
Whitish-yellow alkaline fluid
-Contains fructose
-Prostaglandins
-Bicarbonate
What is the prostate gland?
Inferior to bladder
Secretes directly into prostatic urethra
What doe the prostate gland secrete?
Prostatic secretion (Contributes the most to semen formation)
Containing:
Mucin
Citric acid (to nourish sperm)
Seminalplasmin (antibacterial)
Prostatic-specific antigen (enzyme to liquify semen)
What are the Bulbourethral glands?
pea shaped, sit in the urogenital diaphragm on either side of membraneous urethra
What does the Bulbourethral glands secrete?
Clear, viscous mucin
to lubricate urethra prior to ejaculation
What is the penis?
External genitalia (along with scrotum)
What is the structure of the penis?
Root
Bulb
Crura
Body/Shaft
Glans
External urethral orifice
Prepuce
What are the three erectile bodies of the shaft?
a) Paired corpora cavernosa
b) Single corpus spongiosum (surrounds spongy urethra)
What are erectile bodies composed of?
Venous spaces to fill with blood to produce an erection
What is the function of the penis?
Erection
Ejaculation (Urethra smooth muscle contracts)
