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Anatomy Final > Reproductive system Chapter 28 > Flashcards

Reproductive system Chapter 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the overall functions of the female reproductive system?

A

-Produce Ova
-Secrete sex hormones
-Receive sperm
-Site for fertilisation and implantation
-Development of embryo and fetus
-easier parturition
-provide nourishment for baby

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2
Q

What is the primary sex organ in females?

A

Ovaries

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3
Q

What are the accessory sex organs?

A

Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Clitoris
Mammary glands

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4
Q

What is the function of the ovaries?

A

Produce/release and store ovum
Make sex hormones
Paired

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5
Q

What is the mesovarium?

A

double fold of peritoneum
attached to anterior of ovary

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6
Q

What is the broad ligament of the female RS?

A

Peritoneum that drapes over uterus

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7
Q

What is the ovarian ligament?

A

Anchors ovary to lateral uterus

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8
Q

What is the suspensory ligament of the female RS?

A

attaches the later ovary to the pelvic wall

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9
Q

How blood supplied in the ovaries?

A

By an ovarian artery and ovarian vein

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10
Q

What surrounds each ovary?

A

Germinal epithelium

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11
Q

What is deep to the germinal epithelium?

A

Tunica albuginea

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12
Q

What can the tunica albuginea be divided into?

A

Ovary cortex and medulla

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13
Q

What does the cortex of an ovary contain?

A

thousands of Ovarian follicles

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14
Q

What does the medulla of an ovary contain?

A

Connective tissue
Blood vessels
Lymph vessels
nerves

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15
Q

What is a follicle?

A

Consists of an oocyte surrounded by follicle cells
Goes through diff stages of development

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16
Q

What is a primary oocyte?

A

Within the primary follicle
Surrounded by granulose cells and zone pellucida

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17
Q

What is a secondary oocyte?

A

Within the mature follicle
Lots of granuloma cells and a large antrum
1 a month

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18
Q

What is the corpus luteum?

A

Remnants of the follicle after oocyte is ovulated

Secretes progesterone and estrogen

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19
Q

What are the uterine tubes?

A

Transport secondary oocytes and fertilised ova from ovaries to uterus

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20
Q

What are the regions of the fallopian tubes?

A
  1. Infundibulum: Contains finger-like projections (Fimbrae)
  2. Ampulla: site of fertilisation
  3. Isthmus
  4. Uterine part: continuous with uterus
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21
Q

What are the functions of the uterus?

A

Implantation site
Support/protect developing fetus
eject fetes during labor

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22
Q

What supports the uterus?

A
  1. Round ligaments
  2. Transverse cervical ligaments
  3. Uterosacral ligaments

weakness=prolapse

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23
Q

What are the layers of the uterine wall?

A
  1. Perimetrium: Outermost layer
  2. Myometrium
  3. Endometrium
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24
Q

What is the Endometrium?

A

Contains uterine glands
Basal layer= No change during cycle
Functional layer= Changes thickness during cycle and is shed

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25
What is the vagina functions?
-Receptacle for Penis during sex -Menstrual flow outlet -passageway for childbirth
26
Vagina structure?
Fibro muscular canal lined with mucous membrane mucosa produces acid and contains dendritic cells
27
What is vulva?
External genitalia contains mons pubis labia majora labia minora vestibule
28
What is the mons pubis?
Expanse of skin anterior to pubic symphysis -Has hair
29
What are labia majora?
Paired thickened skin folds -Has hair -Sebaceous and sweat glands
30
What are labia minora?
paired folds medial to majora -No hair -Vascularized -Malanocytes
31
What is the vestibule?
Space between minora Contains urethral opening and vaginal orifice (hymen)
32
What are bulbs of the vestibule?
Erectile Either side of vaginal orifice to increase sensitivity of vulva
33
What is the clitoris?
Small erectile body anterior to labia minora
34
What forms the body of the clitoris?
Corpora cavernosa
35
What caps the body of the clitoris?
Glans clitoris
36
What is the prepuce?
External fold of labia minora that forms hood over clitoris
37
What is the functions of the female breast?
Produce and store milk
38
What is the structure of the female breast:
Nipple: Lactiferous ducts Alveoli: Produces milk within lobules Lactiferous sinus: stores milk Areola: Pigmented portion with sebaceous glands Cooper's ligaments: support breast
39
What is the primary male sex organ?
Testes
40
What is a testis location/function?
Within scrotum functions: produce sperm, secrete sex hormones
41
What is the testis covered with?
Covered by serous membrane, tunica vaginalis (partial and visceral layer)
42
What layer is deep to Tunica vaginalis?
Tunica albuginea
43
What is the tunica albuginea in the testes?
At the back: it projects into mediastinum testis Internally; projects into the testes to form septa to form lobules
44
What are the lobules in the testes?
Contain up to four seminiferous tubules in each
45
What are seminiferous tubules?
Spermatogenesis site
46
What are the two types of cells in the seminiferous tubules?
1. Sustentacular cells 2. Interstitial cells
47
What are sustentacular cells?
support cells that nourish, protect sperms Assist with sperm development Release inhibin connected by tight junction to form blood-testis barrier
48
What are Interstitial cells?
Reside in interstitial spaces Produce androgens (hormones aka Testosterone)
49
What is the structure of sperm?
Head Acrosome- (create hole in ovum) Midpeice- (Mitochondria) Tail- (swimming)
50
What is the function of sperm?
Fertilize egg
51
What are ducts within the testis?
Rete testis Efferent ductules Epididymis Ductus deferens Ejaculatory duct Urethra
52
What is the rate testis?
Receive sperm from semineferous tubules chnnales merge to form efferent ductules
53
What are efferent ductules?
Formed by rete testis connect rete testis to epididymis
54
Epididymis structure?
Head Body Tail Contains duct pf the epididymis
55
Epididymis function?
Store sperms cells Assists with sperm maturation
56
What is the ductus deferent (Vas deferens)
Sperm enter vas deferens after leaving epididymis Propels sperm
57
What is the structure of the ductus deferens?
Wall: Mucosa, muscularis and adventitia Smooth muscle to propel sperm Travels within spermatic cord Enlarges to form Ampulla
58
What is the ampulla of the ductus deferens?
Enlarged portion of vas deferens when it approaches the prostate
59
What is the ejaculatory duct?
Ampulla unites with seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct Conducts sperm and seminal vesicle secretions to prostatic urethra
60
What is the urethra in male RS?
Transports semen from ejaculatory ducts to outside of body Subdivided into three regions
61
What are the three regions of the male urethra?
1. prostatic urethra 2. Membranous urethra 3. Spongy urethra
62
What are the three accessory glands of the male RS?
1. Seminal Vesicles 2. Prostate gland 3. Bulbourethral glands
63
What do the three glands do?
Secret fluids to mix with sperm to create seminal fluid
64
What are seminal vesicle?
Paired, elongated hollow organs
65
What do seminal vesicle secrete?
Whitish-yellow alkaline fluid -Contains fructose -Prostaglandins -Bicarbonate
66
What is the prostate gland?
Inferior to bladder Secretes directly into prostatic urethra
67
What doe the prostate gland secrete?
Prostatic secretion (Contributes the most to semen formation) Containing: Mucin Citric acid (to nourish sperm) Seminalplasmin (antibacterial) Prostatic-specific antigen (enzyme to liquify semen)
68
What are the Bulbourethral glands?
pea shaped, sit in the urogenital diaphragm on either side of membraneous urethra
69
What does the Bulbourethral glands secrete?
Clear, viscous mucin to lubricate urethra prior to ejaculation
70
What is the penis?
External genitalia (along with scrotum)
71
What is the structure of the penis?
Root Bulb Crura Body/Shaft Glans External urethral orifice Prepuce
72
What are the three erectile bodies of the shaft?
a) Paired corpora cavernosa b) Single corpus spongiosum (surrounds spongy urethra)
73
What are erectile bodies composed of?
Venous spaces to fill with blood to produce an erection
74
What is the function of the penis?
Erection Ejaculation (Urethra smooth muscle contracts)

Anatomy Final (3 decks)

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