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Anatomy Final > Reproductive system Chapter 28 > Flashcards

Reproductive system Chapter 28 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the overall functions of the female reproductive system?

A

-Produce Ova
-Secrete sex hormones
-Receive sperm
-Site for fertilisation and implantation
-Development of embryo and fetus
-easier parturition
-provide nourishment for baby

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2
Q

What is the primary sex organ in females?

A

Ovaries

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3
Q

What are the accessory sex organs?

A

Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Clitoris
Mammary glands

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4
Q

What is the function of the ovaries?

A

Produce/release and store ovum
Make sex hormones
Paired

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5
Q

What is the mesovarium?

A

double fold of peritoneum
attached to anterior of ovary

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6
Q

What is the broad ligament of the female RS?

A

Peritoneum that drapes over uterus

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7
Q

What is the ovarian ligament?

A

Anchors ovary to lateral uterus

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8
Q

What is the suspensory ligament of the female RS?

A

attaches the later ovary to the pelvic wall

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9
Q

How blood supplied in the ovaries?

A

By an ovarian artery and ovarian vein

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10
Q

What surrounds each ovary?

A

Germinal epithelium

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11
Q

What is deep to the germinal epithelium?

A

Tunica albuginea

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12
Q

What can the tunica albuginea be divided into?

A

Ovary cortex and medulla

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13
Q

What does the cortex of an ovary contain?

A

thousands of Ovarian follicles

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14
Q

What does the medulla of an ovary contain?

A

Connective tissue
Blood vessels
Lymph vessels
nerves

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15
Q

What is a follicle?

A

Consists of an oocyte surrounded by follicle cells
Goes through diff stages of development

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16
Q

What is a primary oocyte?

A

Within the primary follicle
Surrounded by granulose cells and zone pellucida

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17
Q

What is a secondary oocyte?

A

Within the mature follicle
Lots of granuloma cells and a large antrum
1 a month

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18
Q

What is the corpus luteum?

A

Remnants of the follicle after oocyte is ovulated

Secretes progesterone and estrogen

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19
Q

What are the uterine tubes?

A

Transport secondary oocytes and fertilised ova from ovaries to uterus

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20
Q

What are the regions of the fallopian tubes?

A
  1. Infundibulum: Contains finger-like projections (Fimbrae)
  2. Ampulla: site of fertilisation
  3. Isthmus
  4. Uterine part: continuous with uterus
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21
Q

What are the functions of the uterus?

A

Implantation site
Support/protect developing fetus
eject fetes during labor

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22
Q

What supports the uterus?

A
  1. Round ligaments
  2. Transverse cervical ligaments
  3. Uterosacral ligaments

weakness=prolapse

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23
Q

What are the layers of the uterine wall?

A
  1. Perimetrium: Outermost layer
  2. Myometrium
  3. Endometrium
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24
Q

What is the Endometrium?

A

Contains uterine glands
Basal layer= No change during cycle
Functional layer= Changes thickness during cycle and is shed

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25
Q

What is the vagina functions?

A

-Receptacle for Penis during sex
-Menstrual flow outlet
-passageway for childbirth

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26
Q

Vagina structure?

A

Fibro muscular canal lined with mucous membrane

mucosa produces acid and contains dendritic cells

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27
Q

What is vulva?

A

External genitalia
contains mons pubis
labia majora
labia minora
vestibule

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28
Q

What is the mons pubis?

A

Expanse of skin anterior to pubic symphysis
-Has hair

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29
Q

What are labia majora?

A

Paired thickened skin folds
-Has hair
-Sebaceous and sweat glands

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30
Q

What are labia minora?

A

paired folds medial to majora
-No hair
-Vascularized
-Malanocytes

31
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

Space between minora
Contains urethral opening and vaginal orifice (hymen)

32
Q

What are bulbs of the vestibule?

A

Erectile
Either side of vaginal orifice to increase sensitivity of vulva

33
Q

What is the clitoris?

A

Small erectile body anterior to labia minora

34
Q

What forms the body of the clitoris?

A

Corpora cavernosa

35
Q

What caps the body of the clitoris?

A

Glans clitoris

36
Q

What is the prepuce?

A

External fold of labia minora that forms hood over clitoris

37
Q

What is the functions of the female breast?

A

Produce and store milk

38
Q

What is the structure of the female breast:

A

Nipple: Lactiferous ducts
Alveoli: Produces milk within lobules
Lactiferous sinus: stores milk
Areola: Pigmented portion with sebaceous glands
Cooper’s ligaments: support breast

39
Q

What is the primary male sex organ?

A

Testes

40
Q

What is a testis location/function?

A

Within scrotum
functions: produce sperm, secrete sex hormones

41
Q

What is the testis covered with?

A

Covered by serous membrane, tunica vaginalis (partial and visceral layer)

42
Q

What layer is deep to Tunica vaginalis?

A

Tunica albuginea

43
Q

What is the tunica albuginea in the testes?

A

At the back: it projects into mediastinum testis
Internally; projects into the testes to form septa to form lobules

44
Q

What are the lobules in the testes?

A

Contain up to four seminiferous tubules in each

45
Q

What are seminiferous tubules?

A

Spermatogenesis site

46
Q

What are the two types of cells in the seminiferous tubules?

A
  1. Sustentacular cells
  2. Interstitial cells
47
Q

What are sustentacular cells?

A

support cells that nourish, protect sperms
Assist with sperm development
Release inhibin
connected by tight junction to form blood-testis barrier

48
Q

What are Interstitial cells?

A

Reside in interstitial spaces
Produce androgens (hormones aka Testosterone)

49
Q

What is the structure of sperm?

A

Head
Acrosome- (create hole in ovum)
Midpeice- (Mitochondria)
Tail- (swimming)

50
Q

What is the function of sperm?

A

Fertilize egg

51
Q

What are ducts within the testis?

A

Rete testis
Efferent ductules
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra

52
Q

What is the rate testis?

A

Receive sperm from semineferous tubules
chnnales merge to form efferent ductules

53
Q

What are efferent ductules?

A

Formed by rete testis
connect rete testis to epididymis

54
Q

Epididymis structure?

A

Head
Body
Tail
Contains duct pf the epididymis

55
Q

Epididymis function?

A

Store sperms cells
Assists with sperm maturation

56
Q

What is the ductus deferent (Vas deferens)

A

Sperm enter vas deferens after leaving epididymis
Propels sperm

57
Q

What is the structure of the ductus deferens?

A

Wall: Mucosa, muscularis and adventitia
Smooth muscle to propel sperm
Travels within spermatic cord
Enlarges to form Ampulla

58
Q

What is the ampulla of the ductus deferens?

A

Enlarged portion of vas deferens when it approaches the prostate

59
Q

What is the ejaculatory duct?

A

Ampulla unites with seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct
Conducts sperm and seminal vesicle secretions to prostatic urethra

60
Q

What is the urethra in male RS?

A

Transports semen from ejaculatory ducts to outside of body
Subdivided into three regions

61
Q

What are the three regions of the male urethra?

A
  1. prostatic urethra
  2. Membranous urethra
  3. Spongy urethra
62
Q

What are the three accessory glands of the male RS?

A
  1. Seminal Vesicles
  2. Prostate gland
  3. Bulbourethral glands
63
Q

What do the three glands do?

A

Secret fluids to mix with sperm to create seminal fluid

64
Q

What are seminal vesicle?

A

Paired, elongated hollow organs

65
Q

What do seminal vesicle secrete?

A

Whitish-yellow alkaline fluid
-Contains fructose
-Prostaglandins
-Bicarbonate

66
Q

What is the prostate gland?

A

Inferior to bladder
Secretes directly into prostatic urethra

67
Q

What doe the prostate gland secrete?

A

Prostatic secretion (Contributes the most to semen formation)
Containing:
Mucin
Citric acid (to nourish sperm)
Seminalplasmin (antibacterial)
Prostatic-specific antigen (enzyme to liquify semen)

68
Q

What are the Bulbourethral glands?

A

pea shaped, sit in the urogenital diaphragm on either side of membraneous urethra

69
Q

What does the Bulbourethral glands secrete?

A

Clear, viscous mucin
to lubricate urethra prior to ejaculation

70
Q

What is the penis?

A

External genitalia (along with scrotum)

71
Q

What is the structure of the penis?

A

Root
Bulb
Crura
Body/Shaft
Glans
External urethral orifice
Prepuce

72
Q

What are the three erectile bodies of the shaft?

A

a) Paired corpora cavernosa
b) Single corpus spongiosum (surrounds spongy urethra)

73
Q

What are erectile bodies composed of?

A

Venous spaces to fill with blood to produce an erection

74
Q

What is the function of the penis?

A

Erection
Ejaculation (Urethra smooth muscle contracts)

Anatomy Final (3 decks)

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