Urinary System Lec & Lab

Question 1

Functions of Urinary System?

Answer 1

excretions
regulation of blood volume and pressure
regulation of extracellular fluid volume
regulation of blood pH
regulate concentration of major ions in body fluid
regulate Vit d synthesis
erythropoeitin concentration

Question 2

bilateral retroperitoneal organs

Answer 2

kidney

Question 3

protects and acts as a barrier

- connective tissue that surround each kidney

Answer 3

Renal Capsule

Question 4

• indentation
• contains renal artery, veins, nerves, ureter
• where the renal artery and nerves enter

Answer 4

Hilum

Question 5

cavity that contains blood vessels, renal pelvis, fat
- structures that surround are:
Cortex - outer portion
Medulla - inner portion

Answer 5

Renal sinus

Question 6

• junction between the cortex & medulla

Answer 6

Renal Pyramids

Question 7

• funnel-shaped structure that surround the tip of each pyramid

Answer 7

Calyx

Question 8

formed by calyces into a larger funnel

- narrows to form the ureter

Answer 8

Renal Pelvis

Question 9

exits the kidney and connects to the urinary bladder

Answer 9

ureters

Question 10

functional unit of the kidney
- each kidney has over one million nephrons
- it has two main types:
▪ Juxtamedullary nephrons (15%) – have loops of Henle that
extend deep into the medulla
▪ Cortical nephrons (85%) – have loops of Henle that do not
extend deep into the medulla

Answer 10

Nephron

Question 11

nephron includes?

Answer 11

renal corpuscle ( glomerulus & bowman's capsule)
PCT
Loop of henle
DCT 
(collecting Duct)

Question 12

enlarged end of the nephron

- contains podocytes (specialized cells around glomerular capillaries)

Answer 12

Bowman’s Capsule

Question 13

tuft of capillaries that resembles a ball of yarn

• lies within the indentation of Bowman’s Capsule
• capillaries wrapped around it

Answer 13

glomerulus

Question 14

formed by
glomerular capillaries,
basement membrane,
podocytes of Bowman’s Capsule

Answer 14

Filtration Membrane

Question 15

water and solutes pass through thin walls by diffussion

Answer 15

Loop of Henle -15% water absorption (desc) Na & Cl reabsorption (ascend)

Question 16

empties their contents into the calyces

- carries the fluid from the cortex through the medulla

Answer 16

Collecting Duct

Question 17

T or F

both Collecting Duct and Papillary Duct empty their contents in calyx

Answer 17

True

Question 18

FLOW OF FILTRATE THROUGH A NEPHRON

Answer 18

1. Renal artery
2. Interlobar artery
3. Arcuate artery
4. Interlobular artery
5. Afferent arteriole
6. Glomerulus
7. Efferent arteriole
8. Peritubular capillaries
9. Vasa recta
10. Interlobular vein
11. Arcuate vein
12. Interlobar vein

Question 19

Urine formation

Answer 19

Filtration (glomerulus)
Reabsorption ( PCT)
Secretions (DCT & CD)

Question 20

T or F

only 1% of 180 L of filtrate became urine

Answer 20

T

Question 21

forces fluid from the glomerular capillary across the Filter Membrane into
the Bowman’s Capsule
- influenced by the blood pressure

Answer 21

Filtration Membrane

Question 22

blood pressure in the glomerular capillary

Answer 22

Glomerular Capillary Pressure

Question 23

pressure of filtrate already inside the Bowman’s Capsule

Answer 23

Capsular Pressure

Question 24

– pressure of filtrate within the glomerular capillary

Answer 24

Colloid Osmotic Pressure

Question 25

T or F 99% of filtrate is reabsorbed and reenters circulation

Answer 25

T

Question 26

T or f Descending Loop of Henle concentrates H20

Answer 26

False it concentrate the SOLUTES

Question 27

T or F reabsorption of water and solutes from distal tubule and collecting duct is controlled by hormones

Answer 27

T

Question 28

what is the mechanism for water reabsorption?

Answer 28

osmosis

Question 29

renal medulla cotains very concentrated interstitial fluid that has large

Answer 29

Na+, Cl-, Urea

Question 30

The wall of the thin segment of the descending limb is highly permeable to water. T or F

Answer 30

True

Question 31

The thin segment of the ascending limb is not permeable to water, but it is permeable to solutes. ➢ Consequently, solutes diffuse out of the nephron. t or F

Answer 31

True

Question 32

T or F active transport - K+ & Ca cotransport- Na+ osmosis - H2O

Answer 32

False active transport - Na+ cotransport- K+ & Ca+ osmosis - H2O

Question 33

what are eing secreted in tubular secretions?

Answer 33

by-products of metabolism that become toxic in high concentrations and drugs or other molecules not normally produced by the body

Question 34

small tubes that carry urine from renal pelvis of kidney to bladder

Answer 34

Ureters

Question 35

hollow muscular container located in pelvic cavity can hold up to 1000ml of urine

Answer 35

Urinary Bladder

Question 36

activated by stretch of the urinary bladder wall - action potentials are conducted from bladder to spinal cord through pelvic nerves

Answer 36

Micturition Reflex

Question 37

AKA Vassopresin

Answer 37

ADH

Question 38

absorption of water = less urine volume (less ihi)

Answer 38

ADH

Question 39

absorption of Na+ and Water and excretion of K+

Answer 39

Aldosterone

Question 40

fluid inside all the cells in the body - approximately 2/3 of all the water in the body is in the intracellular fluid compartment

Answer 40

ICF

Question 41

- fluid outside all the cells in the body - this compartment includes: o interstitial fluid o plasma o lymph o other special fluid: joint fluid and cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 41

ECF

Question 42

contains more K, Mg, PO4, SO4, protein,

Answer 42

ICF

Question 43

contains more Na, Ca, Cl, HCO3

Answer 43

ECF

Question 44

increase blood concentration low blood pressure Dry mucosal

Answer 44

Thirst

Question 45

blood concentration regulated by hormones

Answer 45

ion concentrations

Question 46

bone reabsorption

Answer 46

Calcitonin

Question 47

bone breakdown

Answer 47

PTH