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anaphy lab&lec > Urinary System Lec & Lab > Flashcards

Urinary System Lec & Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Urinary System?

A 
excretions
regulation of blood volume and pressure
regulation of extracellular fluid volume
regulation of blood pH
regulate concentration of major ions in body fluid
regulate Vit d synthesis
erythropoeitin concentration
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2
Q

bilateral retroperitoneal organs

A

kidney

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3
Q

protects and acts as a barrier

- connective tissue that surround each kidney

A

Renal Capsule

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4
Q
  • indentation
  • contains renal artery, veins, nerves, ureter
  • where the renal artery and nerves enter
A

Hilum

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5
Q

cavity that contains blood vessels, renal pelvis, fat
- structures that surround are:
Cortex - outer portion
Medulla - inner portion

A

Renal sinus

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6
Q
  • junction between the cortex & medulla
A

Renal Pyramids

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7
Q
  • funnel-shaped structure that surround the tip of each pyramid
A

Calyx

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8
Q

formed by calyces into a larger funnel

- narrows to form the ureter

A

Renal Pelvis

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9
Q

exits the kidney and connects to the urinary bladder

A

ureters

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10
Q

functional unit of the kidney
- each kidney has over one million nephrons
- it has two main types:
▪ Juxtamedullary nephrons (15%) – have loops of Henle that
extend deep into the medulla
▪ Cortical nephrons (85%) – have loops of Henle that do not
extend deep into the medulla

A

Nephron

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11
Q

nephron includes?

A 
renal corpuscle ( glomerulus & bowman's capsule)
PCT
Loop of henle
DCT 
(collecting Duct)
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12
Q

enlarged end of the nephron

- contains podocytes (specialized cells around glomerular capillaries)

A

Bowman’s Capsule

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13
Q

tuft of capillaries that resembles a ball of yarn

  • lies within the indentation of Bowman’s Capsule
  • capillaries wrapped around it
A

glomerulus

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14
Q

formed by
glomerular capillaries,
basement membrane,
podocytes of Bowman’s Capsule

A

Filtration Membrane

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15
Q

water and solutes pass through thin walls by diffussion

A

Loop of Henle -15% water absorption (desc) Na & Cl reabsorption (ascend)

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16
Q

empties their contents into the calyces

- carries the fluid from the cortex through the medulla

A

Collecting Duct

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17
Q

T or F

both Collecting Duct and Papillary Duct empty their contents in calyx

A

True

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18
Q

FLOW OF FILTRATE THROUGH A NEPHRON

A
  1. Renal artery
  2. Interlobar artery
  3. Arcuate artery
  4. Interlobular artery
  5. Afferent arteriole
  6. Glomerulus
  7. Efferent arteriole
  8. Peritubular capillaries
  9. Vasa recta
  10. Interlobular vein
  11. Arcuate vein
  12. Interlobar vein
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19
Q

Urine formation

A

Filtration (glomerulus)
Reabsorption ( PCT)
Secretions (DCT & CD)

20
Q

T or F

only 1% of 180 L of filtrate became urine

A

T

21
Q

forces fluid from the glomerular capillary across the Filter Membrane into
the Bowman’s Capsule
- influenced by the blood pressure

A

Filtration Membrane

22
Q

blood pressure in the glomerular capillary

A

Glomerular Capillary Pressure

23
Q

pressure of filtrate already inside the Bowman’s Capsule

A

Capsular Pressure

24
Q

– pressure of filtrate within the glomerular capillary

A

Colloid Osmotic Pressure

25
Q

T or F

99% of filtrate is reabsorbed and reenters circulation

A

T

26
Q

T or f

Descending Loop of Henle concentrates H20

A

False

it concentrate the SOLUTES

27
Q

T or F

reabsorption of water and solutes from distal tubule and collecting duct is
controlled by hormones

A

T

28
Q

what is the mechanism for water reabsorption?

A

osmosis

29
Q

renal medulla cotains very concentrated interstitial fluid that has large

A

Na+, Cl-, Urea

30
Q

The wall of the thin segment of the descending limb is highly permeable
to water.

T or F

A

True

31
Q

The thin segment of the ascending limb is not permeable to water, but
it is permeable to solutes.
➢ Consequently, solutes diffuse out of the nephron.

t or F

A

True

32
Q

T or F

active transport - K+ & Ca
cotransport- Na+
osmosis - H2O

A

False

active transport - Na+
cotransport- K+ & Ca+
osmosis - H2O

33
Q

what are eing secreted in tubular secretions?

A

by-products of metabolism that become toxic in
high concentrations and drugs or other molecules not normally produced
by the body

34
Q

small tubes that carry urine from renal pelvis of kidney to bladder

A

Ureters

35
Q

hollow muscular container
located in pelvic cavity
can hold up to 1000ml of urine

A

Urinary Bladder

36
Q

activated by stretch of the urinary bladder wall
- action potentials are conducted from bladder to spinal cord through pelvic
nerves

A

Micturition Reflex

37
Q

AKA Vassopresin

A

ADH

38
Q

absorption of water = less urine volume (less ihi)

A

ADH

39
Q

absorption of Na+ and Water and excretion of K+

A

Aldosterone

40
Q

fluid inside all the cells in the body
- approximately 2/3 of all the water in the body is in the intracellular fluid
compartment

A

ICF

41
Q
  • fluid outside all the cells in the body
  • this compartment includes:
    o interstitial fluid
    o plasma
    o lymph
    o other special fluid: joint fluid and cerebrospinal fluid
A

ECF

42
Q

contains more K, Mg, PO4, SO4, protein,

A

ICF

43
Q

contains more Na, Ca, Cl, HCO3

A

ECF

44
Q

increase blood concentration
low blood pressure
Dry mucosal

A

Thirst

45
Q

blood concentration regulated by hormones

A

ion concentrations

46
Q

bone reabsorption

A

Calcitonin

47
Q

bone breakdown

A

PTH

anaphy lab&lec (5 decks)

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